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Research draft

sandstone

vr.tr.sandstone · PHY.MAT

Let an agent explain sandstone and its formation, relay classification, properties and named building stones from geological and heritage sources, describe uses and weathering, and distinguish sandstone from other sedimentary rocks.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain sandstone and its formation, relay classification, properties and named building stones from geological and heritage sources, describe uses and weathering, and distinguish sandstone from other sedimentary rocks.

A clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized grains of quartz, feldspar and rock fragments cemented by silica, calcite or iron oxides, formed from deposits in rivers, deserts, beaches and seas, varying in colour from white and yellow to red and brown, and widely quarried as a building stone in named varieties such as Jacobsville sandstone, Warthau sandstone, Schmerikon sandstone, Reigate stone, Florentine pietra serena and the brownstone of New York; sandstone hosts groundwater and hydrocarbons and weathers into distinctive landscapes.

What it is for: Building stone, aquifers and reservoirs.

It can be explain formation and classification; relay properties and named stones; describe uses and weathering; distinguish from other rocks.

Distinguishing features

Sand-sized grains

Cement type variation

Porosity

Building stone tradition

What it looks like

A granular rock of cemented sand grains, often layered and coloured by iron.

Physical character

grain size: 0.0625-2 mm

porosity: about 5-30 percent

compressive strength: about 20-170 MPa - varies

How it is recognised

Cemented sand-grain rock

Quartz arenite, arkose, greywacke; named building sandstones

Siltstone and shale are finer; conglomerate is coarser; quartzite is metamorphosed sandstone

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

clastic sedimentary rock

is a kind of - in registry terms

natural building material

is a kind of - in registry terms

generic sandstone

metamorphoses into - under heat and pressure

quartzite

In practice

Families and kinds

quartz arenite

arkose

greywacke

lithic sandstone

named building sandstones such as Jacobsville, Warthau, Schmerikon, Reigate stone, pietra serena and brownstone

sandstone aquifers and reservoirs

Standards and regulation

Building stone testing standards such as EN 12440 and ASTM C616

Quarrying and heritage regulations

Silica dust exposure rules

Failure modes and hazards

Weathering and salt damage of buildings

Silicosis from cutting

Confusing sandstone with quartzite or siltstone

Also called

Schmerikon sandstoneJacobsville sandstoneWarthau sandstonepietra serenaReigate stonebrownstoneartificial sandstonered Main sandstonehardened sandstoneshelly sandstoneLede stoneVillamayor StoneWesersandsteinDala sandstoneGävle sandstoneHardeberga sandstoneHöör sandstoneMälar sandstoneBuchberg sandstoneHořice sandstoneÖved sandstonesubarkoseVosges sandstonePlattensandsteinRingerike sandstonered sandstonebunt sandstoneEophyton sandstoneTrysil sandstonecalcareous sandstoneElbe SandstoneAmherst sandstoneDunville stoneitacolumiteRadkow sandstoneIbbenbürener sandstoneRuhr SandstoneHorsham StoneMontjuïc stonequartz sandstone

+41

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What sandstone is.

Science.

Definition

Definition and formation.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is sandstone, and how does it form from sediment through burial and cementation? definition
  2. Is the question about sandstone, quartzite, siltstone or a specific named stone? boundary

Classification

Classification.

Classification

Classification.

  1. How are sandstones classified by composition and matrix into arenites, arkoses and greywackes? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific type? action
Use Uses.

Practice.

Building

Building stone.

Building

Building.

  1. How are named sandstones such as brownstone, pietra serena, Reigate stone and Jacobsville used in buildings? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Resources

Aquifers and reservoirs.

Resources

Resources.

  1. Why is sandstone important for groundwater and hydrocarbon reservoirs? provenance
  2. Which entry fits aquifer? action
Care Weathering and conservation.

Practice.

Weathering

Weathering.

Weathering

Weathering.

  1. How does sandstone weather, and what landscapes does it form? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance

Conservation

Building conservation.

Conservation

Conservation.

  1. How are sandstone buildings cleaned, repaired and protected? provenance
  2. Which entry fits stone conservation? action
Context Places and history.

Context.

Places

Notable places.

Places

Places.

  1. Which sandstone landscapes and monuments are notable, from Petra to Uluru? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the specific place? action

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How has sandstone been quarried and used through history? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of stone building? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should arkose and greywacke be separate entries?
  • How should geological references be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific quarry stones; should they be split off?
Draft as JSON