jaundice
Let an agent explain jaundice and its kinds in general terms from clinical sources, describe causes and investigation, identify urgent presentations in adults and newborns, and route personal questions to clinicians.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain jaundice and its kinds in general terms from clinical sources, describe causes and investigation, identify urgent presentations in adults and newborns, and route personal questions to clinicians.
A yellow discolouration of the skin, the whites of the eyes and mucous membranes caused by raised bilirubin in the blood, classified by cause as hemolytic or pre-hepatic from red cell breakdown, hepatocellular from liver disease, and obstructive or post-hepatic from blocked bile ducts, and occurring commonly and usually harmlessly as neonatal jaundice in newborns; jaundice is a sign rather than a disease, requires investigation of its cause, and in newborns needs monitoring to prevent bilirubin toxicity.
What it is for: Not applicable; a clinical sign.
It can be explain kinds and mechanism; relay causes and investigation; identify urgent presentations; route personal questions.
Distinguishing features
Bilirubin elevation
Yellow sclera
Three causal categories
Neonatal form common
What it looks like
Yellow skin and yellow whites of the eyes.
Physical character
visible jaundice threshold: about 2-3 mg/dL bilirubin - adults
neonatal jaundice incidence: about 60 percent - of term newborns
How it is recognised
Yellowing from raised bilirubin
Hemolytic, hepatocellular, obstructive and neonatal jaundice; icteric eyes and skin
Carotenemia yellows skin but not eyes; anaemia causes pallor
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is caused by - from various sources
In practice
Families and kinds
hemolytic or pre-hepatic jaundice
hepatocellular jaundice
obstructive or post-hepatic jaundice
neonatal jaundice including physiological and pathological forms
inherited hyperbilirubinaemias such as Gilbert syndrome
icteric skin and icteric eyes as signs
Identifiers
ICD-11 ME10.0 jaundice, not elsewhere classified
MeSH D007565 jaundice
Standards and regulation
Clinical guidelines on neonatal jaundice such as NICE and AAP
Guidelines on investigation of adult jaundice
Failure modes and hazards
Kernicterus from untreated neonatal jaundice
Missed liver disease or biliary obstruction
Agents giving personal medical advice
Confusing jaundice with carotenemia
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.jaundice
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Help Urgent situations first.
Safety.
Urgent
Urgent signs.
Urgent
Urgent.
- When does jaundice need urgent assessment, such as in newborns, with fever, confusion, pain or dark urine? action
- Is the user describing jaundice in a newborn or with warning signs, which needs urgent care now? boundary
Assessment
Assessment.
Assessment
Assessment.
- How do clinicians investigate jaundice with blood tests and imaging, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking about their own jaundice, which needs a clinician? boundary
Understand The sign.
Clinical.
Mechanism
Bilirubin and mechanism.
Mechanism
Mechanism.
- How is bilirubin formed and cleared, and why does it accumulate? definition
- Is the question about jaundice or another cause of yellow skin? boundary
Kinds
Kinds and causes.
Kinds
Kinds.
- What are hemolytic, hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice, and what causes each? definition
- Which entry fits the specific cause? action
Newborn Neonatal jaundice.
Clinical.
Neonatal
Neonatal jaundice.
Neonatal
Neonatal.
- Why is neonatal jaundice common, and how is it monitored and treated with phototherapy, per guidelines? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Risks
Risks.
Risks
Risks.
- What is kernicterus, and which newborns are at higher risk? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Treatment and history.
Context.
Treatment
Treating causes.
Treatment
Treatment.
- How is jaundice managed by treating hepatitis, gallstones, cancer or hemolysis, in general terms? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific condition? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How was jaundice understood historically, from humoral theory to bilirubin chemistry? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of hepatology? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should neonatal jaundice and obstructive jaundice be separate primary entries?
- How should clinical guidelines be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming signs and causal categories; should they be split off?