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Research draft

joint-stock company

vr.tr.joint-stock-company · SOC.ORG

Let an agent explain joint-stock companies by legal form, governance, shareholder rights and filings, help people check company registers, and avoid investment advice.

Thing Registry Society, people and institutions

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain joint-stock companies by legal form, governance, shareholder rights and filings, help people check company registers, and avoid investment advice.

A company whose capital is divided into transferable shares owned by shareholders, usually with limited liability, including public companies whose shares may be listed on stock exchanges, unlisted public companies, statutory corporations and special-purpose acquisition companies; legal forms such as the PLC, AG, SA and PT exist across jurisdictions.

What it is for: Pooling capital for business with limited liability.

It can be identify the legal form of a company; find company filings in official registers; explain shareholder rights and governance; recognise scams impersonating companies.

Distinguishing features

Share capital

Limited liability

Separate legal personality

Governed by a board

What it looks like

Legal entities with registered names, numbers, share registers and annual reports.

How it is recognised

Suffixes such as PLC, AG, SA, PT

Registered numbers and filings

Partnerships lack transferable shares

Related models

is a kind of - category

limited company

is owned by - owner

shareholder

is registered in - register

company register

is related to - relations

business-relation

In practice

Families and kinds

listed public companies

unlisted public companies

private limited companies (related)

statutory corporations

special-purpose acquisition companies

Identifiers

Legal Entity Identifier LEI global entity identifier

Standards and regulation

National company law

EU company law directives

Listing and market abuse rules for listed companies

Failure modes and hazards

Fake companies and share scams

Outdated register information

Agents giving investment advice

Also called

perseroan terbatascredit market companycorporations enacted by an Act of Parliamentpublic companyunlisted public companyspecial-purpose acquisition companystate joint-stock companyPerusahaan Perseroanlocal semi-public companypublicly owned companyPerseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal AsingPerseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Dalam NegeriPerseroan DaerahPerseroan TerbukaPT tertutuppublic corporationUnited Kingdom SocietasKellogg'sopen joint-stock companyPerusahaan Umum Daerahallmennaksjeselskappublic company limited by sharesSocietas EuropaeaEnjoeipublic company limited by guaranteejulkinen osakeyhtiödual-listed companypublic limited companyberhadpublic joint-stock companymaster limited partnershipsocietà consortile per azioninaamloze vennootschapLimited Companyclosed joint-stock companyEuropäische Aktiengesellschaftsociété européenneEvropská společnostEuroopa äriühingEuropean company

+91

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Form Legal form.

Forms vary.

Identify

Which form.

Identify

Legal form.

  1. Which legal form does this company have, according to the register? provenance
  2. Is it listed or unlisted? provenance

Compare

Across countries.

Compare

Comparison.

  1. How does this form compare with equivalents in other countries? definition
  2. What capital requirements apply? provenance
Register Official records.

Registers show facts.

Filings

Accounts and officers.

Filings

Filings.

  1. Where can this company filings, directors and owners be checked? provenance
  2. Is it active? provenance

LEI

Identifiers.

LEI

Identifiers.

  1. What is the company registration number and LEI? provenance
  2. Do they match the claimed identity? boundary
Governance Shareholders and boards.

Governance protects owners.

Rights

Shareholder rights.

Rights

Shareholder rights.

  1. What rights do shareholders have, such as voting and dividends, in general terms? provenance
  2. How are general meetings called? provenance

Board

Directors.

Board

Board.

  1. What duties do directors owe, according to company law? provenance
  2. Which governance code applies? provenance
Limits Scams and advice.

Caution needed.

Scam

Share scams.

Scam

Share scams.

  1. Is someone offering shares in a company that may not exist or is not authorised? boundary
  2. Which regulator warning list should be checked? provenance

Advice

Investment advice.

Advice

Advice limits.

  1. Is the user asking whether to buy shares? boundary
  2. How should the agent point to regulated advice? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should legal forms be separate entries?
  • How should LEI data be linked?
  • How should registers be localised?
Draft as JSON