ground support system
Let an agent describe ground support by type, design basis and condition, and route safety and design decisions to qualified engineers.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
System What support is installed.
Elements
Bolts, mesh, shotcrete, sets.
Support elements
Types and pattern.
- Which support elements are installed? definition
- In what pattern and spacing? measurement
Design basis
Ground conditions and method.
Design basis
Rock mass rating and design method.
- Which ground classification and design method were used? provenance
- Who approved the design? provenance
Ground conditions Rock and soil.
Rock mass
Quality and structure.
Rock mass quality
Classification values.
- What is the rock mass quality? measurement
- Which joints and faults are present? definition
Stress and water
In-situ stress and groundwater.
Loading
Stress and water conditions.
- What stresses act on the opening? measurement
- Is groundwater present? measurement
Inspection Condition of support.
Inspection
Routine checks.
Inspection record
Installation date, as-built specifications, quality checks and findings.
- What did the last inspection find? provenance
- When is the next one due? provenance
Monitoring
Instruments.
Monitoring data
Convergence and loads.
- What do convergence or load instruments show? measurement
- Are trigger levels exceeded? boundary
Safety and rules Regulation and response.
Rules
Applicable regulations.
Regulation
Rules and plans.
- Which ground control rules apply? provenance
- Is there an approved ground control plan? provenance
Response
After a fall of ground.
Incident response
Reporting and investigation.
- Was a fall of ground reported? provenance
- Who investigates it? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.BLT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- tunnel lining
What it is Filled
The engineering measures that hold up and reinforce the rock or soil around underground openings such as mine shafts, drifts and tunnels, including rock bolts, cable bolts, mesh, shotcrete, steel sets and linings.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent describe ground support by type, design basis and condition, and route safety and design decisions to qualified engineers.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Supports the ground around an opening, unlike surface retaining walls.
- Reinforcement (bolts) works within the rock; support (sets, linings) carries loads at the surface.
- Tunnel linings may give initial support, permanent support or both.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- declare ground safe to enter
- change support design without a qualified engineer
Only with a human decision
- any decision on entry, design or repair
May
- describe support types and inspection data
- point to rules
Moral aspects Filled
- worker safety underground
Who is affected
- miners and tunnel workers
Owners Filled
Steward
the mine or tunnel operator, under the mining or construction regulator
Master systems
- ground control management plans and inspection records
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q811430 - registry parent class
related
- mine - underground workings
- tunnel - civil structure
- rockfall - main hazard
- geotechnical engineering - discipline
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.ground-support-system
- Wikidata: Q1365426 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365426)
Direct properties required Filled
- rock bolt length: 1.5-6 m - typical; cable bolts are longer
Recognition required Filled
- Bolt face plates in a pattern on the rock
- Welded mesh or sprayed concrete on walls and roof
- Steel arches or concrete segments
- Bolt plates and mesh on rock faces, sprayed concrete surfaces, steel arches or segmental concrete lining in tunnels.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- identify ground support types
- explain design approaches in general terms
- record inspection findings
- point to regulations
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Rockfalls and collapses
- Corrosion of bolts and mesh
- Seismic events in deep mines
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- EN 1997 Eurocode 7 geotechnical design (CEN), which is not a complete tunnel-support code
- US MSHA ground control rules for metal and nonmetal mines, 30 CFR 57.3203, 57.3360 and 57.3401
- ASTM F432 roof and rock bolts and accessories
- National tunnelling codes
Context of use required Filled
- Preventing rockfalls and collapse and keeping underground openings safe and usable.
- rock bolts
- cable bolts
- mesh and straps
- shotcrete
- steel sets and arches
- timber sets
- segmental and cast tunnel linings
Sources Filled
- Q1365426 - identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks
- Technical Manual for Design and Construction of Road Tunnels - Civil Elements - tunnel support
- Shotcrete Design and Installation Compliance Testing - shotcrete in mines
- 30 CFR Part 57 Subpart B - Ground Control - US ground control rules
- Prospects for designing tunnels in the context of the Eurocodes - Eurocodes and tunnels
Open questions
- Should tunnel linings have their own entry?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q1365426/spec.json