stone cross
Let an agent explain stone crosses, relay types, history, meanings and conservation from archaeology, art history and heritage sources, describe the named forms including clusters, and distinguish stone crosses from gravestones, wooden wayside crosses, menhirs and market crosses as a specific form.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What a stone cross is.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a stone cross, and how does it differ from gravestones, wooden wayside crosses, menhirs and market crosses? definition
- Is the question about a specific cross, history, religion or conservation? boundary
Forms
Named forms.
Forms
Forms.
- What are conciliation crosses, high crosses, khachkars and Steinkreuznester? definition
- Which entry fits the specific form? action
History History and meaning.
Atonement
Conciliation crosses.
Atonement
Atonement.
- How did medieval atonement agreements lead to conciliation crosses, as historians describe? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Insular
High crosses.
Insular
Insular.
- What do the carvings on Irish and British high crosses depict? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Heritage Heritage.
Khachkars
Khachkars.
Khachkars
Khachkars.
- What is khachkar art and why was it inscribed by UNESCO? provenance
- Which entry fits khachkar? action
Protection
Protection.
Protection
Protection.
- How are stone crosses recorded and protected? provenance
- Which entry fits scheduled monument? action
Context Landscape.
Wayside
Wayside crosses.
Wayside
Wayside.
- Why were crosses set at roadsides and boundaries? provenance
- Which entry fits wayside cross? action
Folklore
Folklore.
Folklore
Folklore.
- What legends surround stone crosses, distinguished from documented history? provenance
- Which entry fits folklore? action
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.BLT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- Steinkreuznest
What it is Filled
A cross carved from stone and set up as a monument, found widely in Europe and the Caucasus, including medieval conciliation crosses in Central Europe, erected as atonement after a killing under customary law, wayside and boundary crosses, Celtic high crosses of Ireland and Britain decorated with interlace and biblical scenes, and Armenian khachkars, whose craftsmanship UNESCO inscribed as intangible heritage in 2010; clusters of stone crosses are called Steinkreuznester in German. Stone crosses are often protected monuments.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain stone crosses, relay types, history, meanings and conservation from archaeology, art history and heritage sources, describe the named forms including clusters, and distinguish stone crosses from gravestones, wooden wayside crosses, menhirs and market crosses as a specific form.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Carved stone
- Cross form
- Various functions
- Often protected
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Move, clean, re-cut or take rubbings from a stone cross without the custodian's permission.
- Remove a conciliation or boundary cross from the spot that gives it its meaning.
- Treat a cross still used in devotion as a mere historical object.
- Invent a date, maker or legend for a cross from local hearsay.
Only with a human decision
- Any conservation work, relocation or excavation around a cross.
May
- Describe a stone cross, its carving, inscription and location from survey and heritage records.
- Report damage, leaning or vandalism to the heritage authority or landowner.
Moral aspects Filled
- Many crosses mark deaths or atonement and remain places of mourning and prayer.
- Well-meant cleaning destroys surfaces and inscriptions that cannot be recovered.
Who is affected
- Local religious communities
- Descendants of those commemorated
- Heritage bodies
Owners Filled
Steward
The landowner or parish that keeps it, under the heritage authority where it is protected.
Master systems
- National monument and heritage registers
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q17172602 - registry parent class
related
- monumental cross - in registry terms
- khachkar
- high cross
- gravestone
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.stone-cross
- Wikidata: Q17156398 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156398)
Direct properties required Filled
- khachkar craftsmanship UNESCO: 2010 year - intangible heritage
- Central European conciliation crosses: mainly 13th-16th century note
- Muiredach s High Cross: 10th century note - Monasterboice, Ireland
Recognition required Filled
- Monumental cross of carved stone
- Steinkreuznest, conciliation cross, Celtic high cross, khachkar
- Gravestones mark burials; wooden wayside crosses are not stone; menhirs are prehistoric standing stones; market crosses mark market places
- Crosses of carved stone, from plain weathered blocks to richly decorated high crosses and khachkars.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain types and meanings
- relay history
- describe named forms
- relay conservation
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Theft and vandalism
- Weathering and road construction damage
- Romanticised folklore about conciliation crosses
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Monument protection laws
- UNESCO intangible heritage safeguarding for khachkar art
Context of use required Filled
- Commemoration, devotion, atonement and boundary marking.
- conciliation crosses
- wayside and boundary crosses
- Celtic high crosses
- khachkars
- clusters of stone crosses
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q17156398: stone cross - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Stone cross - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should conciliation crosses be a separate entry?
- How should heritage registers be linked?
- Should Steinkreuznest be recorded as a cluster concept?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q17156398/spec.json