reason
Let an agent explain reason as a cognitive process and its forms, describe how reasoning is studied and where it fails, support sound reasoning and argument, and separate the sense of a reason as a cause.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What reason is.
Forms
Forms of reasoning.
Forms
Forms.
- How do deductive, inductive, abductive and practical reasoning differ, and what makes each valid or strong? definition
- Is reason as a faculty, or a reason as a cause, meant? boundary
Philosophy
Reason in philosophy.
Philosophy
Philosophy.
- How have philosophers from Aristotle to Kant and beyond understood reason and its limits, with positions attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits a specific philosopher? action
Practice Reasoning well.
Argument
Constructing arguments.
Argument
Argument.
- How can this argument be structured, checked for validity and strengthened? action
- Which entry fits argumentation? action
Failures
Fallacies and biases.
Failures
Failures.
- Which fallacies and cognitive biases undermine reasoning, according to logic and psychology? provenance
- Which findings are contested? boundary
Science Research on reasoning.
Psychology
Psychology of reasoning.
Psychology
Psychology.
- What does research say about how people actually reason, including dual-process accounts? provenance
- Which entry fits cognitive psychology? action
Artificial
Artificial reasoning.
Artificial
Artificial.
- How do machines reason, from formal logic systems to statistical and language models, and what are their limits, according to researchers? provenance
- Is overreliance on machine reasoning being encouraged? boundary
Learn Teaching and society.
Teach
Teaching reasoning.
Teach
Teaching.
- How can reasoning and critical thinking be taught? action
- Which misconceptions arise? provenance
Society
Reason in public life.
Society
Society.
- What role does public reason play in science, law and democracy, with positions attributed? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Activities and processes
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- ACT
- Domain
- ACT.PRC
- Other names and narrower kinds
- Syy, artificial reason
What it is Filled
The cognitive capacity and process of thinking logically, drawing inferences, forming judgements and justifying beliefs and actions, including deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning, practical reasoning about what to do, and the collective and artificial reasoning of institutions and machines; reason is studied in philosophy, psychology, logic and artificial intelligence, is central to science, law and ethics, and the word also names a cause or justification for something.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain reason as a cognitive process and its forms, describe how reasoning is studied and where it fails, support sound reasoning and argument, and separate the sense of a reason as a cause.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Inference
- Justification
- Norms of validity
- Human and artificial
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Present its own output as reasoned proof when it has not checked it.
- Use flawed arguments to persuade people toward a conclusion.
- Dismiss people as irrational for holding different values.
- Ask to be trusted over human judgment in decisions it cannot verify.
Only with a human decision
- Accepting an automated chain of reasoning as the basis for a decision about a person.
May
- Explain kinds of reasoning, such as deductive, inductive and abductive.
- Point out fallacies and biases in an argument while showing the reasoning.
- State its own uncertainty and limits when it reasons.
Moral aspects Filled
- Overtrusting artificial reasoning can lead people to accept errors.
- Calling some groups unreasonable has been used to exclude them.
Who is affected
- People relying on reasoning
- People whose views are judged
Owners Filled
Steward
Nobody owns it; it is a human capacity.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q781413 - registry parent class
related
- cognitive process - category
- abstraction - a related cognitive process
- contradictory - logical relations used in reasoning
- skepticism - evidence-based doubt
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.reason
- Wikidata: Q178354 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178354)
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
Not applicable
Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- Inference and judgement
- Deductive, inductive, abductive, practical
- A reason as a cause or justification is a related sense
- Not physical; a mental process.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain forms of reasoning
- describe research and failures
- support sound reasoning
- separate other senses
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Fallacies and cognitive biases
- Motivated reasoning
- Overtrusting artificial reasoning
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Standards of logic and argumentation
- Scientific method norms
- No regulation of the faculty
Context of use required Filled
- Logical thinking and inference.
- deductive reasoning
- inductive and statistical reasoning
- abductive reasoning
- practical and moral reasoning
- artificial reasoning in machines
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q178354: reason - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Reason - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should each reasoning form be a separate entry?
- How should logic resources be linked?
- How should bias research be linked?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q178354/spec.json