reason
Let an agent explain reason as a cognitive process and its forms, describe how reasoning is studied and where it fails, support sound reasoning and argument, and separate the sense of a reason as a cause.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain reason as a cognitive process and its forms, describe how reasoning is studied and where it fails, support sound reasoning and argument, and separate the sense of a reason as a cause.
The cognitive capacity and process of thinking logically, drawing inferences, forming judgements and justifying beliefs and actions, including deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning, practical reasoning about what to do, and the collective and artificial reasoning of institutions and machines; reason is studied in philosophy, psychology, logic and artificial intelligence, is central to science, law and ethics, and the word also names a cause or justification for something.
What it is for: Logical thinking and inference.
It can be explain forms of reasoning; describe research and failures; support sound reasoning; separate other senses.
Distinguishing features
Inference
Justification
Norms of validity
Human and artificial
What it looks like
Not physical; a mental process.
How it is recognised
Inference and judgement
Deductive, inductive, abductive, practical
A reason as a cause or justification is a related sense
Related models
is a kind of - category
is related to - a related cognitive process
is related to - logical relations used in reasoning
is related to - evidence-based doubt
In practice
Families and kinds
deductive reasoning
inductive and statistical reasoning
abductive reasoning
practical and moral reasoning
artificial reasoning in machines
Standards and regulation
Standards of logic and argumentation
Scientific method norms
No regulation of the faculty
Failure modes and hazards
Fallacies and cognitive biases
Motivated reasoning
Overtrusting artificial reasoning
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.reason-cognition
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What reason is.
Concepts.
Forms
Forms of reasoning.
Forms
Forms.
- How do deductive, inductive, abductive and practical reasoning differ, and what makes each valid or strong? definition
- Is reason as a faculty, or a reason as a cause, meant? boundary
Philosophy
Reason in philosophy.
Philosophy
Philosophy.
- How have philosophers from Aristotle to Kant and beyond understood reason and its limits, with positions attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits a specific philosopher? action
Practice Reasoning well.
Practice.
Argument
Constructing arguments.
Argument
Argument.
- How can this argument be structured, checked for validity and strengthened? action
- Which entry fits argumentation? action
Failures
Fallacies and biases.
Failures
Failures.
- Which fallacies and cognitive biases undermine reasoning, according to logic and psychology? provenance
- Which findings are contested? boundary
Science Research on reasoning.
Science.
Psychology
Psychology of reasoning.
Psychology
Psychology.
- What does research say about how people actually reason, including dual-process accounts? provenance
- Which entry fits cognitive psychology? action
Artificial
Artificial reasoning.
Artificial
Artificial.
- How do machines reason, from formal logic systems to statistical and language models, and what are their limits, according to researchers? provenance
- Is overreliance on machine reasoning being encouraged? boundary
Learn Teaching and society.
Education.
Teach
Teaching reasoning.
Teach
Teaching.
- How can reasoning and critical thinking be taught? action
- Which misconceptions arise? provenance
Society
Reason in public life.
Society
Society.
- What role does public reason play in science, law and democracy, with positions attributed? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Should each reasoning form be a separate entry?
- How should logic resources be linked?
- How should bias research be linked?