kidney stone disease
Let an agent explain kidney stone disease and stone types in general terms from urology guidelines, describe symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, identify emergencies, and route personal questions to clinicians.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain kidney stone disease and stone types in general terms from urology guidelines, describe symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, identify emergencies, and route personal questions to clinicians.
A condition in which solid crystalline deposits form in the kidneys from minerals in the urine, most often calcium oxalate, and also calcium phosphate, uric acid, struvite and cystine stones, ranging from small stones passed with pain to large staghorn calculi filling the renal pelvis; nephrolithiasis causes severe flank pain, blood in the urine and obstruction, is diagnosed by imaging, and is treated with fluids, pain relief, medical expulsion, lithotripsy or surgery, with prevention through diet and treatment of underlying causes.
What it is for: Not applicable; a disease.
It can be explain stone types and causes; relay symptoms and diagnosis; relay treatment and prevention; route emergencies and personal questions.
Distinguishing features
Crystalline deposits
Severe colic
High recurrence
Preventable with measures
What it looks like
Not a visible object; hard crystalline stones from grains to several centimetres.
Physical character
lifetime prevalence: about 10 percent - varies by country
calcium oxalate share: about 70-80 percent - of stones
recurrence within 10 years: about 50 percent - without prevention
How it is recognised
Stones in the kidney
Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, struvite and cystine stones; staghorn calculi
Gallstones form in the gallbladder; bladder stones form lower in the tract
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
causes - when stones move
is treated by - among other methods
In practice
Families and kinds
calcium oxalate stones
calcium phosphate stones
uric acid stones
struvite or infection stones
cystine stones from cystinuria
staghorn calculi
stones in children
Identifiers
ICD-11 GB70.0 kidney stone
MeSH D053040 nephrolithiasis
Standards and regulation
EAU and AUA urolithiasis guidelines
Dietary guidance from urology and nutrition bodies
Failure modes and hazards
Obstruction with infection as an emergency
Agents giving personal medical advice
Confusing kidney stones with other causes of pain
Unproven remedies
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Help Urgent signs first.
Safety.
Urgent
Emergency signs.
Urgent
Urgent.
- Which signs, such as fever with severe pain, inability to urinate or uncontrolled pain, need emergency care? action
- Is the user describing such signs, which need emergency services now? boundary
Care
Getting assessed.
Care
Care.
- How are kidney stones diagnosed with imaging and urine tests, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking about their own symptoms, which need a clinician? boundary
Understand The disease.
Clinical.
Types
Stone types and causes.
Types
Types.
- What types of stones exist, and what causes each? definition
- Is the question about kidney stones, gallstones or bladder stones? boundary
Symptoms
Symptoms.
Symptoms
Symptoms.
- What symptoms do stones cause, and how do they pass? definition
- Which entry fits the specific stone type? action
Treat Treatment and prevention.
Clinical.
Treatment
Treatment.
Treatment
Treatment.
- What treatments do guidelines recommend, from expulsion therapy to lithotripsy and ureteroscopy? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Prevention
Prevention.
Prevention
Prevention.
- How do fluids, diet and medication reduce recurrence, per guidelines? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Epidemiology and history.
Context.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology.
- How common are kidney stones, and why is incidence rising, with research attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits urolithiasis epidemiology? action
History
History.
History
History.
- How were stones treated historically, from lithotomy to modern lithotripsy? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of urology? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should cystinuria and staghorn calculus be separate entries?
- How should guidelines be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming stone types; should they be split off?