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Published

promethium

vr.tr.promethium · thing-q1809

Let an agent identify promethium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, relay radiation safety information, and distinguish it from neighbouring lanthanides.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems PHY.MAT
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Identify What promethium is.

Properties

Properties.

Properties

Properties.

  1. What are the physical and chemical properties of promethium? definition
  2. Is the question about promethium or a neighbouring lanthanide? boundary

Isotopes

Isotopes.

Isotopes

Isotopes.

  1. Which isotopes exist, and which are longest-lived or useful? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Source Occurrence and production.

Occurrence

Occurrence.

Occurrence

Occurrence.

  1. Why is promethium absent from the crust, and where does it occur in trace amounts? provenance
  2. Which entry fits nuclear fission? action

Production

Production.

Production

Production.

  1. How is promethium produced and separated, and who produces it, with sources? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Use Uses and safety.

Uses

Uses.

Uses

Uses.

  1. How has promethium been used in luminous paint, nuclear batteries and gauges? provenance
  2. Which entry fits betavoltaic device? action

Safety

Radiation safety.

Safety

Safety.

  1. What radiation hazards does promethium present, and what rules apply? provenance
  2. Is the user asking about a personal exposure, which needs a specialist? boundary
Context History.

Discovery

Discovery.

Discovery

Discovery.

  1. How was promethium predicted, sought and finally identified in 1945, and how was it named? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Teach

Teaching.

Teach

Teaching.

  1. How is promethium used to teach nuclear stability and the lanthanides? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the periodic table? action

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Physical world and living systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
PHY
Domain
PHY.MAT
Other names and narrower kinds
promethium-151, promethium-126, promethium-127, promethium-128, promethium-129, promethium-130, promethium-131, promethium-132, promethium-133, promethium-133m, promethium-134, promethium-134m

What it is Filled

A chemical element with symbol Pm and atomic number 61, a radioactive lanthanide with no stable isotopes, of which promethium-145 is the longest-lived at about 17.7 years and promethium-147 the most used; it occurs naturally only in trace amounts from uranium fission and neodymium-150 decay and is produced in reactors, and it has been used in luminous paint, nuclear batteries and thickness gauges.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent identify promethium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, relay radiation safety information, and distinguish it from neighbouring lanthanides.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Promethium has no stable isotopes.
  • Promethium occurs naturally in the crust only in trace amounts.
  • Promethium is produced in reactors.
  • Promethium is named after Prometheus.

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Handle, open or dismantle a promethium source or a device that contains one.
  • Assist anyone in obtaining, extracting or concentrating promethium outside licensed use.
  • Dispose of promethium-bearing items as ordinary waste.
  • Tell people that legacy luminous items are safe without a measurement by a qualified person.

Only with a human decision

  • Moving, transferring or disposing of any promethium source.
  • Responding to suspected contamination from a damaged source.

May

  • Describe promethium's properties, isotopes and historical uses from reliable sources.
  • Flag old luminous products or gauges that may contain promethium for checking by a qualified person.
  • Track promethium sources in an inventory the agent is authorized to keep.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Radioactive sources can harm people who do not know they are there, such as scrap workers.
  • Legacy consumer products can expose owners and collectors without their knowledge.

Who is affected

  • Workers and collectors
  • Waste and scrap handlers
  • Nearby residents

Owners Filled

Steward

The licensed holder of the source, under the national radiation protection regulator.

Master systems

  • National registers of radioactive sources

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q19569 - registry parent class

related

  • lanthanide - the series
  • radioactive element - no stable isotopes
  • neodymium - element 60
  • samarium - element 62

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.promethium
  • Wikidata: Q1809 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1809)
  • symbol: Pm
  • CAS: 7440-12-2

Direct properties required Filled

  • atomic number: 61 Z
  • longest-lived isotope: Pm-145, about 17.7 years - half-life
  • melting point: about 1042 degrees C - estimated
  • density: about 7.26 g/cm3 - estimated

Recognition required Filled

  • Element 61, symbol Pm
  • Radioactive lanthanide with no stable isotopes
  • Neodymium and samarium are the stable neighbours
  • A silvery metal, rarely seen in bulk; its salts glow faintly from radioactivity.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • relay properties and isotopes
  • explain production and uses
  • relay radiation safety information
  • distinguish from other lanthanides

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Radiation exposure
  • Contamination
  • Legacy luminous products

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • Radiation protection and radioactive source rules
  • Transport rules for radioactive material
  • Nuclear material licensing

Context of use required Filled

  • Nuclear batteries, luminous sources and research.
  • isotopes from promethium-126 to promethium-163, all radioactive
  • promethium-147 as the working isotope
  • promethium compounds such as the chloride and oxide
  • promethium in nuclear batteries and luminous paint

Sources Filled

  1. Wikidata item Q1809: promethium - identity and sense of the item
  2. Wikipedia: Promethium - general description of the item

Open questions

  • Should isotopes be separate entries?
  • How should reference data be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q1809/spec.json