infectious disease
Let an agent reason about infectious diseases through pathogen, transmission, case definition and notification duties, and never offer diagnosis or treatment decisions.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
Researched by: Claude
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Pathogen and transmission What causes it and how it spreads.
Pathogen
The causative agent.
Causative agent
The pathogen and its classification.
- Which pathogen causes this disease? definition
- Are there strains or variants that behave differently? boundary
Transmission route
How it passes between hosts.
Routes and reservoirs
The routes of transmission and animal reservoirs.
- By which routes is it transmitted? definition
- Is there an animal reservoir or vector? definition
Case definition and diagnosis How a case is recognised.
Case definition
Criteria for counting a case.
Surveillance definition
The confirmed, probable and suspected criteria.
- What is the case definition used for surveillance, and by whom? provenance
- How does it differ from clinical diagnosis? boundary
Testing
Laboratory confirmation.
Test methods
The tests used and their accuracy.
- Which tests confirm this infection, and how accurate are they? measurement
- What must an agent refer to a clinician rather than answer? action
Prevention and control Stopping spread.
Prevention
Vaccines, hygiene and vector control.
Preventive measures
The measures that reduce transmission.
- Which preventive measures work against this disease? definition
- Is a vaccine available, and for whom is it recommended? definition
Outbreak control
Isolation, tracing and treatment.
Control measures
The measures used once cases occur.
- What control measures apply once cases occur? action
- Who has authority to impose them? provenance
Surveillance and duties Tracking and legal obligations.
Surveillance
Counts and trends.
Surveillance data
The case counts and their source.
- What do current surveillance data show, and from which source? measurement
- How complete is reporting? measurement
Notification and privacy
Legal duties and limits.
Duties and privacy
Notification duties and constraints on disclosure.
- Is this disease notifiable here, and who must notify? provenance
- What information about individuals must not be disclosed? boundary
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Cross-cutting context
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- XCT
- Domain
- XCT.STA
- Other names and narrower kinds
- lungworms, intestinal acariasis, subcutaneous abscess, epididymitis, Wissler's syndrome, parapertussis, emerging communicable disease, osteomyelitis, infectious myositis, Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis, orbital osteomyelitis, epiglottitis
What it is Filled
A disease caused by a pathogen, a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite or prion, that can be transmitted from one host to another directly or through a vector or the environment.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent reason about infectious diseases through pathogen, transmission, case definition and notification duties, and never offer diagnosis or treatment decisions.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Caused by a pathogen and transmissible, unlike non-communicable diseases
- Carries public health duties such as notification and isolation
- Defined for surveillance by case definitions that differ from clinical diagnosis
- Can be zoonotic, passing between animals and humans
What robots and AI may and may not do Derived, awaiting review
Must not
- Let an agent reason about infectious diseases through pathogen, transmission, case definition and notification duties, and never offer diagnosis or treatment decisions.
Only with a human decision
- by host range: human only, zoonotic
May
- diagnose it, which only qualified professionals may do
- notify it, where law makes it a notifiable disease
- prevent it, by vaccination, hygiene, vector control and treatment
- track it, through surveillance and case counts
Note: Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.
Moral aspects Derived, awaiting review
- track it, through surveillance and case counts
- Defined for surveillance by case definitions that differ from clinical diagnosis
- Mixing clinical diagnosis and surveillance case definitions
- Stigmatising language or disclosure of an individual health status
Owners Missing, in the backlog
Not described yet. This gap is in the card backlog.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q42417296 - registry parent class
related
- disease - inherits classification, diagnosis and treatment questions
- pathogen - the organism or agent is a separate model
- vector - insects and other vectors are separate models
- vaccine - vaccines are separate models with their own regulation
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.infectious-disease
- Wikidata: Q18123741 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18123741)
- ICD-11 code: chapter 1 codes such as 1A00 WHO classification of diseases
- SNOMED CT concept: numeric concept id clinical terminology
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
- incubation period: hours to years time - varies widely by pathogen
- basic reproduction number R0: 0.5-18 secondary cases - measles is at the high end
Plane XCT: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- Symptoms suggest but do not establish an infection
- Confirmation needs a laboratory test or a clinical case definition
- Outbreaks are recognised by case clustering in time and place
- No single appearance: signs vary with the pathogen; many infections are asymptomatic. Laboratory tests, not appearance, confirm them.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- diagnose it, which only qualified professionals may do
- notify it, where law makes it a notifiable disease
- prevent it, by vaccination, hygiene, vector control and treatment
- track it, through surveillance and case counts
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Presenting an agent answer as a diagnosis or a treatment decision
- Mixing clinical diagnosis and surveillance case definitions
- Stigmatising language or disclosure of an individual health status
- Out-of-date guidance during a fast-moving outbreak
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- International Health Regulations (2005)
- National notifiable disease lists and reporting rules
- WHO ICD-11 classification
Context of use required Filled
- Organising knowledge about diseases whose spread between hosts makes them a public health matter as well as a personal one.
- by pathogen: bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, prion
- by route: airborne, droplet, contact, faecal-oral, vector-borne, bloodborne, sexual
- by host range: human only, zoonotic
- by status: endemic, epidemic, pandemic, eliminated, eradicated
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q18123741: infectious disease - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Infectious disease - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should each infectious disease link to its pathogen as a required relation?
- How should the registry mark guidance that changes during an outbreak?
- Which notification duties should the model carry per jurisdiction?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q18123741/spec.json