zoonosis
Let an agent reason about zoonoses through the pathogen, the animal reservoir and the route to humans, with a One Health view and without giving individual medical advice.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent reason about zoonoses through the pathogen, the animal reservoir and the route to humans, with a One Health view and without giving individual medical advice.
An infectious disease that is transmitted between animals and humans, by direct contact, food, water, vectors or the environment.
What it is for: Organising knowledge about diseases shared between animals and people, which need joint human, animal and environmental action.
It can be prevent it, through animal health, food safety and vector control; detect and report it, under human and animal health law; investigate outbreaks, across sectors; inform people at risk, such as farmers and pet owners.
Distinguishing features
Crosses the species barrier between animals and humans
Has an animal reservoir
Requires One Health cooperation
Includes emerging diseases with pandemic potential
What it looks like
No single appearance; signs vary by disease in animals and people; many infections are silent in the animal reservoir.
How it is recognised
Link between illness in people and contact with animals, animal products or vectors
Laboratory confirmation identifies the pathogen
Animal die-offs can signal a zoonotic threat
Related models
is a kind of - with an animal reservoir
involves - reservoir hosts such as birds, cats and livestock
is spread by - vector-borne zoonoses
is managed by - joint human, animal and environmental health
In practice
Families and kinds
by pathogen: viral (Rift Valley fever, rabies), bacterial, parasitic (toxocariasis, echinococcosis, dirofilariasis), fungal
by route: direct contact, foodborne, vector-borne, waterborne
emerging and endemic zoonoses
Identifiers
ICD-11 code chapter 1 codes human disease classification
WOAH listed disease listed name animal disease notification
Standards and regulation
International Health Regulations (2005)
WOAH Terrestrial Animal Health Code
EU Zoonoses Directive 2003/99/EC
Food safety law
Failure modes and hazards
Missed spillover events that grow into outbreaks
Human and animal health systems not sharing data
Individual health questions answered as if by a clinician
Also called
+32
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.zoonosis
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Pathogen and reservoir What causes it and where it lives.
Control depends on knowing the reservoir.
Pathogen
The agent.
Pathogen
The causative agent.
- Which pathogen causes this zoonosis? definition
- How was it confirmed? provenance
Reservoir
Animal hosts.
Reservoir
Animal reservoirs and hosts.
- Which animals carry it, and do they show signs? definition
- Where is it found geographically? definition
Transmission How it reaches people.
Routes decide prevention.
Route
Contact, food, vector, water.
Route
Routes to humans.
- By which routes does it reach people? definition
- Does it spread between people? boundary
Risk groups
Who is exposed.
Risk groups
Groups at higher risk.
- Who is most at risk, such as farmers, vets or pet owners? boundary
- What precautions reduce their risk? action
Surveillance Detection in animals and people.
Joint surveillance catches spillover early.
Reporting
Notifiable status.
Notification
Reporting duties in both sectors.
- Is it notifiable in humans, animals or both, and to whom? provenance
- What must a vet or doctor report? action
Data
Case counts.
Surveillance data
Current data and source.
- What do current data show, from which source? measurement
- Are animal and human data linked? boundary
Prevention Stopping spillover.
Prevention works best at the animal source.
Animal measures
Vaccination, control, biosecurity.
Animal measures
Measures in animals.
- Which animal health measures prevent it? action
- Is there an animal vaccine? definition
Human measures
Hygiene, food safety, vaccines.
Human measures
Measures for people.
- What can people do to protect themselves? action
- When should someone see a doctor? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should each zoonosis link to its reservoir species?
- How should One Health data sharing be represented?
- The registry entry has merged aliases including insect allergy, which is not a zoonosis; should they be split off?