tithe
Enable an agent to recognise a tithe, establish the rule and resources it concerns, assess its fulfilment, and identify actions permitted by the applicable authority.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to recognise a tithe, establish the rule and resources it concerns, assess its fulfilment, and identify actions permitted by the applicable authority.
A tithe is a contribution or levy, traditionally amounting to one tenth of specified produce, earnings, or property, prescribed or given for religious support and, in some traditions, charitable purposes.
It can be Identify the applicable tithe arrangement from its tradition, authority, place and period.; Determine whether a contributor and resource fall within the arrangement, including exemptions.; Calculate an assessment when the base, share and valuation rules are established.; Check whether a proposed recipient, payment form and delivery date can fulfil the obligation.; Reconcile assessed dues with evidenced contributions and flag unresolved differences.; Refer interpretive or enforcement disputes to the authority competent in that setting..
Distinguishing features
The practice or obligation must be identified as a tithe by a relevant source or community; a payment of exactly ten percent is insufficient by itself.
A tenth is a conventional reference point, but the model must establish the applicable share and calculation rule rather than infer them from the name.
A tithe has a religious institutional or normative basis, even where civil authorities administer or enforce it.
Its classification as compulsory, voluntary or contested must follow the specified setting; calling something a tithe does not establish civil enforceability.
A particular transfer fulfils a tithe only if its contributor, recipient, resources and timing satisfy the applicable arrangement.
Scope
+ Identification of a contribution or obligation as a tithe within a specified tradition, institution, place and period
+ Rules establishing contributors, eligible resources, recipients and exemptions
+ Assessment base, prescribed share, valuation and timing
+ Collection, delivery, allocation and evidence of fulfilment
+ Disputed interpretations, arrears, substitutions and changes to the tithe arrangement
- Religious doctrine beyond what establishes or interprets the tithe
- General taxation and public finance
- Donations and almsgiving without an established connection to tithing
- Complete accounting records of contributors or recipient institutions
- Ownership and land-tenure systems except where they determine tithe liability
- Other religious dues whose identity and rules require separate models
Characteristics
- Tradition and setting
- Named community or tradition, institution, territory and historical period The name alone does not determine which tithe rules apply.
- Object represented
- Normative rule | recurring practice | assessed obligation | individual contribution Prevents an agent from treating a rule as a payment or one payment as the whole practice.
- Basis of obligation
- Religious prescription | institutional requirement | civil requirement | voluntary commitment | contested | unresolved; multiple values allowed Determines which authorities and consequences are relevant.
- Assessment base
- Source-defined eligible produce, receipts, income, increase or other resources, with inclusions and deductions The same nominal share can yield different obligations under different bases.
- Prescribed share
- Percent or fraction of the specified base; record any fixed or substituted amount separately Supports calculation without assuming every arrangement uses an unqualified ten percent.
- Assessment and delivery schedule
- Source-defined period, triggering event, due date and delivery frequency Separates when liability arises from when fulfilment is due.
- Contributor and recipient eligibility
- Liable or participating parties, authorised recipients and qualifying conditions A transfer to a religious body does not automatically fulfil a particular tithe.
- Fulfilment status
- Unassessed | assessed | not yet due | partially fulfilled | fulfilled | overdue | exempt | disputed | unresolved Supports action while preserving uncertainty about liability and evidence.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 5 bundles · 9 layers · 16 findings · 27 questions.
Tithe identity and authority Establishes what is being called a tithe and which authority gives that designation operational meaning.
Neither a religious payment nor a ten-percent transfer is sufficient to identify the applicable tithe.
Recognised tithe sense
Distinguishes the tithe rule, recurring practice, obligation and contribution.
Basis for tithe designation
Record the source-supported use of the term without equating all religious dues with tithes.
- Who identifies this arrangement as a tithe, and what term do they use? provenance
- Does this instance represent a rule, a practice, an assessed obligation or a particular contribution? definition
Governing tithe rule
Locates the authority and limits of the arrangement.
Authority and applicability
Record the governing text or decision, its interpretation and its temporal and community boundaries.
- Which text, institutional decision, custom or commitment establishes this tithe? provenance
- For which community, territory and period does that authority apply? boundary
- Does the rule establish religious duty, institutional participation, civil liability or a voluntary commitment? definition
Tithe liability and assessment Determines who contributes, which resources count and how the contribution is assessed.
A nominal tenth is not calculable until the liable party and assessment base are established.
Liable parties and resources
Defines participation or liability and the resources subject to the tithe.
Assessment boundary
Record qualifying contributors, eligible resources, exclusions and exemptions.
- Which persons, households, holdings or organisations owe or undertake this tithe? boundary
- Which resources enter the assessment base, and which deductions or exemptions are explicitly recognised? measurement
Share, valuation and period
Makes the assessed contribution reproducible.
Reproducible tithe assessment
Record the applicable share, assessment period and treatment of valuation or substitution.
- What fraction or amount applies, and to which measured base and period? measurement
- If resources are valued or replaced by money, which conversion, valuation date and rounding rules are authorised? measurement
- What event establishes the obligation, and when does delivery become due? definition
Tithe recipient and delivery Connects an assessed contribution to authorised receipt and use.
Correct quantity alone cannot establish fulfilment when recipient eligibility or delivery conditions matter.
Recipient and beneficiary
Distinguishes the collector, authorised recipient and intended beneficiary.
Authorised allocation
Record who may receive the tithe and whether its use is restricted.
- Who may collect and receive this tithe, and who is entitled to benefit from it? definition
- What allocation or use restrictions apply, and which authority establishes them? provenance
Acceptable delivery
Specifies the form and conditions of a qualifying contribution.
Qualifying tithe transfer
Record acceptable goods or payment forms, delivery conditions and evidence of receipt.
- Which forms of contribution and substitutions are permitted for this tithe? action
- What delivery conditions and evidence of receipt establish that the contribution reached an authorised recipient? provenance
Tithe fulfilment and contestation Assesses outstanding obligations and handles disagreement or changes to the arrangement.
Assessment, receipt and authoritative acceptance can differ, so fulfilment must remain open to evidence and interpretation.
Assessment to fulfilment
Relates contributions to the obligations they are intended to discharge.
Tithe balance and acceptance
Record the assessed amount, credited contributions and any unresolved balance or acceptance condition.
- Which evidenced contributions are credited against this assessment, and what balance remains? measurement
- What rule or competent authority determines that the tithe has been fulfilled? provenance
Dispute, remedy and change
Tracks contested assessments and authorised changes to tithe obligations.
Unsettled tithe obligation
Record the disputed issue, available review process and effects of exemption, remission or termination where applicable.
- Is the disagreement about authority, liability, calculation, recipient eligibility or recognition of fulfilment? boundary
- Who may review, waive, revise or enforce the obligation, and what actions are supported by the applicable rule? action
- If the arrangement changes or ends, how are previously assessed but unfulfilled obligations treated? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This describes the religious and historical economic institution; the supplied INF.KNW classification should be checked because a tithe is not ordinarily a discipline or field of knowledge.
- The kinds listed combine historical ecclesiastical assessment categories with Jewish ritual categories; they are not a single mutually exclusive taxonomy.
- Specific obligations, exemptions, calculation methods, and present applicability require checking the relevant tradition, period, and jurisdiction.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Predial tithes, assessed on products of the land
- Mixed tithes, assessed on livestock and animal products in historical ecclesiastical classifications
- Personal tithes, assessed on earnings from labour or trade
- First tithe (ma'aser rishon) in Jewish tradition
- Second tithe (ma'aser sheni) in Jewish tradition
- Poor tithe (ma'aser ani) in Jewish tradition
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- The Torah, Numbers 18, prescribes tithes supporting the Levites and a contribution from those tithes to the priests.
- The Torah, Deuteronomy 14, prescribes uses of tithes involving sacred meals and periodic provision for Levites and vulnerable people.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Supporting clergy and religious institutions
- Providing agricultural produce or its monetary equivalent to entitled recipients
- Supporting poor and otherwise vulnerable people under particular religious prescriptions
- Structuring regular religious giving as a proportion of income
- Historically collecting compulsory dues through ecclesiastical or civil institutions
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Nominal tithe rate - Traditionally 10%; the assessable base and actual obligation depend on the system - percent of assessable produce, earnings, or property
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Treating distinct Jewish and Christian tithe systems as a single uniform practice
- Calculating an obligation without specifying whether the base is gross receipts, net earnings, produce, or another category
- Confusing voluntary religious giving with historically enforceable dues
- Assuming that several prescribed tithes simply add together without checking their sequence and applicable years
- Financial hardship or conflict where collection is coercive or ignores the contributor's circumstances
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Jewish agricultural tithes distinguish recipients, uses, and years within a recurring cycle, with applicability connected to the Land of Israel.
- Historical European Christian tithe systems differed in assessment, collection rights, exemptions, and eventual commutation or abolition.
- Christian denominations and congregations differ over whether tithing is obligatory, recommended, or superseded by other approaches to giving.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Tax - A tax is imposed under public authority; a tithe is identified by its religious institutional context and traditional tenth, although historical tithes could also be legally compulsory.
- Almsgiving - Almsgiving directly concerns assistance to people in need and need not follow a fixed rate; a tithe may instead support religious personnel or institutions.
- Offering - An offering is a broader religious gift and need not be calculated as one tenth.
- Zakat - Zakat is a distinct Islamic obligation with its own eligible assets, thresholds, rates, and recipients; it is not a synonym for tithe.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Which source and intended sense underlie vr.tr.tithe, and why is it placed in INF / INF.KNW?
- Does an existing Vercy world model already cover tithe or provide the authoritative model to which this registry entry should link?
- Which traditions and historical settings must the eventual researched model cover to establish defensible common features?
- When do source communities retain the name tithe for contributions whose rate or assessment method differs from a literal tenth?
- Which setting-specific distinctions between religious duty, voluntary practice and civil liability require explicit variants within this single registry entry?