wrist
Enable an agent to identify a wrist, describe its anatomical and functional state, and determine which observations or proposed interactions require further assessment.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to identify a wrist, describe its anatomical and functional state, and determine which observations or proposed interactions require further assessment.
The wrist is the anatomical region connecting the forearm to the hand, comprising the carpal bones and their articulations with adjacent bones, together with supporting ligaments and traversing tendons, nerves and blood vessels.
It can be Locate and label the wrist and the specific surface or structure under observation.; Record wrist posture and movement using a stated measurement procedure.; Compare observations over time or between sides while preserving differences in context.; Relate wrist symptoms and limitations to particular hand tasks, loads and positions.; Check the location and contact effects of a wrist-worn device or support.; Identify missing evidence before supporting a diagnostic or intervention decision..
Distinguishing features
Occupies the transition between forearm and hand rather than the palm, fingers or forearm shaft.
Denotes an anatomical region containing multiple interacting structures, rather than only the radiocarpal joint.
Includes tissues crossing the region as well as local skeletal structures; it is not synonymous with the carpal bones.
Its bending and side-to-side deviation must be distinguished from forearm pronation and supination.
Has an anatomical side and individual owner; a wearable placed around it is a separate thing.
Scope
+ Left or right wrist belonging to an identified individual
+ Regional boundaries and relationships to the forearm, hand and carpus
+ Bones, articulations and soft tissues situated within or crossing the wrist
+ Wrist position, movement and contribution to hand use
+ Observed local symptoms, structural changes and functional limitations
- The whole organism, species or population
- Finger and thumb anatomy beyond their relationships to the wrist
- Whole-arm movement and elbow or shoulder function
- Disease entities, diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols
- Watches, bracelets, prostheses and orthoses as independently modelled objects
Characteristics
- Individual and anatomical side
- Individual reference; left, right, unspecified Prevents observations and interventions from being assigned to the wrong wrist.
- Anatomical context
- Species; developmental stage; documented anatomical variation or alteration Makes the human default explicit and prevents inappropriate comparison across different anatomical contexts.
- Regional boundary convention
- Named anatomical landmarks and included structures Clarifies whether an observation concerns the wrist region, carpus or a particular articulation.
- Movement range
- Degrees by movement direction, with active or passive mode, posture and method Supports interpretable descriptions of mobility without treating different measurement conditions as equivalent.
- Resting or task position
- Degrees of flexion or extension and radial or ulnar deviation relative to a stated reference Relates wrist posture to the task or observation being recorded.
- Local symptom state
- Reported pain, altered sensation, stiffness or other symptoms; location, timing and reporting method Preserves the individual's experience without converting a symptom into a diagnosis.
- Observed swelling or contour change
- Absent, present, uncertain or not assessed; location and observation method Records visible or measured change while leaving its cause open.
- Task tolerance
- Task completed, modified, limited, avoided or not assessed; associated load and duration Connects local wrist state to practical hand use.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.wrist
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 5 bundles · 9 layers · 14 findings · 22 questions.
Wrist identity and boundaries Establishes which wrist is represented and what the regional term includes.
Wrist, carpus and wrist joint can refer to overlapping but different anatomical scopes.
Individual, side and context
Anchors the wrist to its individual and anatomical context.
Identify the particular wrist
Represent a wrist instance through its owner, side and relevant developmental or anatomical context.
- To which individual does this wrist belong, and is it left or right? definition
- What evidence establishes species, developmental stage and any documented anatomical alteration? provenance
Regional and joint boundaries
Separates the wrist region from its constituent joints and adjacent regions.
Declare wrist region convention
Use explicit landmarks and inclusion rules whenever regional boundaries affect interpretation.
- Which proximal and distal landmarks delimit the wrist in this use? boundary
- Does this record describe the whole region, the carpus or a named articulation? definition
Wrist structural relationships Organises the skeletal and soft-tissue relationships needed to localise observations.
A wrist observation is difficult to interpret unless its anatomical location and structural relationships are clear.
Skeletal and articular organisation
Relates the distal forearm, carpal structures and adjoining hand skeleton.
Localise articular observations
Associate skeletal or joint observations with a named structure rather than an undifferentiated wrist joint.
- Which bone, articulation or relationship is the observation about? definition
- What examination, image or other source supports the recorded alignment or structural description? provenance
Soft-tissue pathways
Localises tendons, stabilising tissues, nerves, vessels and skin within or across the region.
Distinguish local and crossing tissues
Record how an implicated tissue relates to the wrist without assigning all of that tissue's functions to the region.
- Is the observation on the palmar, dorsal, radial or ulnar aspect, and which tissue is implicated? definition
- Does the tissue belong primarily to a local wrist structure or pass through toward the hand or forearm? boundary
Wrist motion and hand use Describes wrist movement and its role during concrete hand activities.
Movement measurements and task performance answer different questions and must retain their observation conditions.
Position and movement
Records bending and deviation with clear reference positions and movement attribution.
Measure wrist-specific motion
Separate wrist flexion, extension and deviation from forearm rotation and compensating movements.
- What range is observed for each assessed direction, using which reference posture, instrument and active or passive method? measurement
- How were forearm rotation and compensating elbow or shoulder movement distinguished from wrist motion? boundary
Task and load context
Connects wrist position and tolerance to gripping, supporting, manipulating or repetitive hand use.
Describe task-specific wrist demand
Record the actual activity and exposure rather than assuming a movement range predicts usable function.
- What wrist position, external load, repetition and duration occur during the assessed task? measurement
- Which part of the task is completed, modified or limited, and what evidence attributes that limitation to the wrist? provenance
Wrist state and interaction Tracks local changes and the evidence needed for proposed contact, support or further assessment.
Symptoms, structural observations and device interactions must remain distinguishable from diagnostic conclusions.
Local state and change
Captures symptoms and observable changes with location, timing and uncertainty.
Record wrist change without diagnosis
Keep reported symptoms, observed signs and explanations separate.
- Where and when are pain, swelling, stiffness or altered sensation reported or observed? measurement
- Which statements are self-reports, direct observations or established clinical conclusions, and who supplied each? provenance
Contact, support and assessment
Relates wrist-worn objects and proposed interactions to documented local conditions.
Evaluate proposed wrist interaction
Describe contact location, intended effect and decision authority before treating an interaction as appropriate.
- Where does the proposed wearable or support contact the wrist, and what effects on skin, sensation or movement have been observed? measurement
- What additional assessment or qualified direction is needed before the proposed loading, support or manipulation? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- The unqualified name is interpreted here as the human anatomical region; comparative anatomy requires species-specific treatment.
- Sources differ in whether 'wrist' means the region, the radiocarpal joint alone or the broader joint complex.
- Joint motion ranges depend on measurement protocol and population and are omitted from this recall-only description.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of wrist this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Terminologia Anatomica, maintained by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT), standardizes anatomical names for wrist structures.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of wrist this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Positions the hand through flexion, extension and radial and ulnar deviation.
- Transfers loads between the hand and forearm.
- Provides stability during gripping and manipulation.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of wrist this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Carpal bone count in usual adult human anatomy - 8 - bones per wrist
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of wrist this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Fractures of the carpal bones or adjacent distal forearm bones.
- Ligament injuries causing pain or instability.
- Median nerve compression within the carpal tunnel.
- Tendon irritation or injury.
- Degenerative or inflammatory joint disease.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of wrist this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- hand - The hand includes the palm and digits; the wrist specifically denotes its junction with the forearm, although anatomical conventions may include the carpus within the hand.
- forearm - The forearm extends between the elbow and wrist and contains the shafts of the radius and ulna.
- radiocarpal joint - The radiocarpal joint is one articulation within the broader wrist region, rather than the entire wrist complex.
- carpus - The carpus denotes the carpal portion of the skeleton; the wrist region also includes associated soft tissues.
- carpal tunnel - The carpal tunnel is a passage through the palmar wrist containing the median nerve and finger flexor tendons.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of wrist this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does the registry intend human wrist anatomy alone, or should the model cover homologous regions in other animals?
- Which anatomical authority and landmark convention should define the wrist region, including treatment of the distal radioulnar joint?
- Which validated measurement procedures and reference populations should support mobility and task-tolerance comparisons?
- How should developmental anatomy, congenital variation, surgery and limb difference modify the default structural description?
- Which clinically governed criteria should determine when recorded symptoms or device-contact effects require further assessment?