coke
Enable an AI agent to identify a coke material or lot, assess its condition and suitability for a specified use, and determine what handling, testing or processing is justified.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
Researched by: Codex + Grok
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to identify a coke material or lot, assess its condition and suitability for a specified use, and determine what handling, testing or processing is justified.
Coke is a solid, carbon-rich, porous residue obtained by heating coal or petroleum residuum in the substantial absence of air so that volatile matter is driven off, leaving a high-carbon fuel and reductant used mainly in metallurgy and as a carbon source.
It can be Classify a coke lot provisionally from origin, processing evidence and test results.; Request representative sampling and the tests needed for a specified coke application.; Compare a lot with an explicit downstream specification and identify missing acceptance evidence.; Evaluate screening, segregation, drying or blending against documented process constraints.; Authorize, restrict or defer storage, transfer and use according to current condition and applicable handling evidence..
Distinguishing features
Check feedstock and production evidence to distinguish coke from untreated coal or petroleum residues; a black carbon-rich appearance alone is insufficient.
Check documented material identity and applicable classification to distinguish coke from charcoal, carbon black and graphite.
Check origin, processing stage and grade evidence before treating coal-derived coke and petroleum-derived coke as interchangeable.
Check production records or corroborating tests before identifying petroleum coke as green or calcined.
Check the intended-use specification and relevant performance tests before identifying a lot as metallurgical, foundry, electrode or fuel grade.
Scope
+ Material identity, feedstock origin and production history needed to distinguish coke grades
+ Composition, moisture and contaminants relevant to a particular coke use
+ Particle size, fines, pore structure and mechanical integrity
+ Thermal and chemical behaviour supported by identified test methods
+ Lot condition, handling constraints and evidence of suitability for an intended operation
- Coal, petroleum feedstocks, charcoal and other carbon materials as independently modelled substances
- Coke ovens, calciners and other production equipment
- Blast furnaces, foundries and electrode-manufacturing processes that consume coke
- Transport vehicles, storage facilities and dust-control equipment
- Commercial contracts and shipment administration
- Beverages or other non-material meanings of the name coke
Characteristics
- Feedstock origin
- Coal-derived, petroleum-derived, other documented origin, mixed or unknown Origin determines which identification questions, tests and candidate uses require consideration.
- Processing stage
- Documented carbonization, calcination, quenching and subsequent treatment status A shared material name does not establish equivalent processing history or behaviour.
- Lot and sample relationship
- Material lot linked to parent lots, representative samples and test reports An agent must know which physical material a reported result actually represents.
- Moisture content
- Mass %, with sampling time, method and reporting basis Moisture affects material accounting and may affect handling and process acceptance.
- Proximate analysis
- Ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon in mass %, with method and reporting basis Results support comparison only when the analytical definitions and bases are compatible.
- Elemental composition and impurities
- Mass % or mg/kg for specified elements, with analytical method and detection limits Sulfur, metals and other constituents may constrain a particular downstream use.
- Particle size distribution
- Mass % by sieve interval in mm, including the specified fines fraction Size distribution supports decisions about screening, handling and process suitability.
- Mechanical integrity
- Strength, abrasion or fragmentation result with named test method and conditioning Resistance to breakage must be judged under conditions relevant to the proposed use.
- Density and pore structure
- Bulk, apparent or true density in kg/m³; porosity in %, each with method Different density and porosity measurements describe different aspects of coke and cannot be substituted without justification.
- Reaction and thermal performance
- Use-specific reactivity, post-reaction strength or calorific-value results, with method, units and conditions Suitability depends on the intended operation and cannot be inferred from carbon content alone.
- Current material condition
- Measured temperature; observed wetting, contamination, dust generation or heating; inspection time Current condition can invalidate earlier acceptance or require additional controls before movement or use.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.coke-artifact
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 5 bundles · 9 layers · 16 findings · 24 questions.
Coke identity and origin Establish what material the name coke denotes for this lot and which production history supports that identity.
Confusing coke families or processing stages can lead an agent to apply irrelevant tests or approve an unsuitable substitution.
Material family
Resolve coke identity against neighbouring carbon materials and ambiguous trade names.
Supported coke classification
Record the proposed coke family, the evidence supporting it and any unresolved alternative identification.
- What feedstock, production record or analytical evidence identifies this material as coke rather than coal, charcoal, carbon black or graphite? definition
- Does this registry entry include the identified coke family, or is its inclusion still an unresolved boundary? boundary
Production and lot lineage
Connect the physical lot to its production stage and subsequent transformations.
Processing stage and mixtures
Record documented thermal treatment, quenching, sizing and blending without inferring these from appearance.
- Which records establish the lot's carbonization, calcination and quenching history, where applicable? provenance
- Has this lot been screened, blended or mixed with another carbon material, and which parent lots remain traceable? provenance
Coke composition and assay Represent the composition evidence needed to judge a coke lot without confusing sampling scope or analytical basis.
Coke acceptance can depend on moisture, ash, volatile matter and particular impurities, whose reported values require context.
Representative analysis
Establish which material was sampled and how its principal composition results should be interpreted.
Assay basis and coverage
Tie moisture and proximate analysis to a sample, method, reporting basis and represented lot.
- How was the sample taken to represent the lot's particle sizes, moisture variation and possible segregation? provenance
- What are the moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed-carbon results, and which methods and reporting bases were used? measurement
Use-limiting constituents
Identify the constituents that matter to the proposed consuming process.
Impurity acceptance evidence
Record measured impurities and relate their limits to a named application rather than a universal coke-quality ranking.
- Which sulfur, phosphorus, metal or other constituent limits does the intended operation specify, and what results address them? measurement
- Do detection limits, missing assays or incompatible reporting bases prevent an acceptance decision? action
Coke structure and performance Assess the physical form and tested behaviour that determine whether this coke can perform its intended role.
Composition alone cannot establish particle integrity, packing behaviour or performance under process conditions.
Particle and pore form
Describe the size distribution and internal structure relevant to handling and use.
Size, fines and density
Record measured particle fractions, density definitions and pore measurements with their application context.
- What sieve distribution and fines cutoff describe this lot, and were they measured before or after its latest transfer? measurement
- Which density or porosity measurement is required for the proposed use, and is a compatible result available? measurement
Service-relevant testing
Connect mechanical, reaction and thermal tests to the actual role proposed for the coke.
Performance under specified conditions
Separate measured performance from grade labels and avoid transferring results between incompatible test conditions.
- Which strength, abrasion, reactivity, post-reaction strength or thermal tests does this application require, and what methods and conditions define them? measurement
- Do the available results support the proposed role, or is further testing required before substitution or use? action
Coke condition and use decisions Determine whether the lot's present condition permits handling, conditioning or use under an identified specification.
A previously acceptable assay does not establish that a changed, contaminated or thermally unsettled lot is ready for the next operation.
Current condition and handling
Capture current temperature, wetting, contamination and dust observations together with applicable handling instructions.
Handling readiness
Identify condition evidence and material-specific instructions needed before storage or transfer.
- What measurements or observations establish the lot's temperature, heating trend, moisture condition, contamination and dust generation? measurement
- What restrictions or controls do the applicable safety data and site procedures require before this coke is moved, stored or fed? action
Acceptance and conditioning
Make use decisions against a named destination and identify changes that require renewed evidence.
Lot disposition
Record acceptance, restriction or deferral and the evidence required after screening, drying, blending or other treatment.
- Which intended operation and specification support accepting, restricting or deferring this particular lot? action
- If screening, drying or blending is proposed, which properties must change and which sampling or tests must be repeated before release? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Kinds and varieties
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- metallurgical coke (met coke)
- foundry coke
- petroleum coke (petcoke)
- calcined petroleum coke
- needle coke
- gas coke / town-gas coke
- breeze (coke fines)
- formcoke / formed coke
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Wikidata - Q190227 - coke (fuel); carbonaceous solid from coal carbonization
- CAS Registry Number - 65996-77-2 - coke (coal); often used for coal-derived coke as a substance
- HS / Harmonized System - 2704.00 - coke and semi-coke of coal, lignite or peat
- HS / Harmonized System - 2713.11 / 2713.12 - petroleum coke, not calcined / calcined
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- ISO 556 (ISO) - mechanical strength of coke >20 mm
- ISO 556 / related coke test methods (ISO/TC 27) - size, moisture, ash, volatile matter, sulphur, CRI/CSR
- ASTM D5341 (ASTM) - coke reactivity index (CRI) and coke strength after reaction (CSR)
- EU Industrial Emissions Directive / BAT for coke ovens (European Commission) - emissions from coke-oven plants
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Blast-furnace ironmaking: burden support, fuel, and reductant (metallurgical coke).
- Foundry cupolas: melting iron (foundry coke, larger lumps).
- Petroleum coke as a boiler/cement-kiln fuel (fuel-grade petcoke) or as anode carbon after calcining (aluminium smelting).
- Needle coke for graphite electrodes in electric-arc furnaces.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- fixed carbon - 85-92 (met coke); 80-90 (fuel petcoke) - mass %
- ash - 8-12 (met coke); <1 (anode-grade calcined petcoke) - mass %
- CSR (coke strength after reaction) - 60-70 (good blast-furnace coke) - %
- CRI (coke reactivity index) - 20-30 (good blast-furnace coke) - %
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- Coke-oven gas and dust: PAH, benzene, and particulate exposure at coke plants.
- Combustion of high-sulphur petcoke: SO2 and residual metals (Ni, V).
- Spontaneous heating of wet or fine coke in storage piles.
- Loss of CSR/CRI quality causing blast-furnace hanging, high fuel rate, or burden collapse.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- UK/Commonwealth historically distinguished gas coke (from town-gas works) from hard metallurgical coke; the distinction has faded with the decline of gasworks.
- China and India produce large shares of global met coke; quality specs (CSR/CRI, ash, sulphur) vary by blast-furnace practice.
- Fuel-grade petcoke is widely burned in the US Gulf, India, and China cement/power plants; some jurisdictions restrict it as a fuel for sulphur/metals.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- charcoal - Charcoal is the solid residue of wood/biomass pyrolysis; coke is from coal or petroleum. Charcoal is typically lower in ash of mineral origin but not used as blast-furnace burden support at industrial scale except in charcoal ironmaking.
- coal - Coal is the feedstock; coke is the carbonized product after volatile matter is driven off. Coke has much lower VM and is mechanically stronger and more porous.
- graphite - Graphite is a crystalline allotropic carbon; coke is largely amorphous/turbostratic carbon. Needle coke is an intermediate that is graphitized to make electrodes.
- Coca-Cola / soft drink 'coke' - Homonym only; the material is a solid carbonaceous fuel, not a beverage.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Sources
- Coke (fuel) - Definition, production by carbonization of coal, uses in ironmaking, distinction from charcoal, kinds including metallurgical coke and petroleum coke.
- Petroleum coke explained - Petroleum coke as a refinery product, fuel vs calcined grades, typical uses.
- ISO 556:1980 - Coke (greater than 20 mm in size) - Determination of mechanical strength - ISO mechanical-strength test for lump coke.
- Wikidata Q190227 - coke - Canonical identifier for coke as a carbonaceous fuel/reductant.
What the second pass must settle
- Does vr.tr.coke cover both coal-derived and petroleum-derived coke, and which additional coke families, if any, belong within its authoritative boundary?
- Does an existing Vercy world model already own this material concept or any proposed specialization?
- Which authoritative definitions and test methods should govern identification and comparison for each included coke family?
- Which downstream applications need explicit acceptance profiles, and who owns their thresholds and revision history?
- What evidence establishes sampling validity, retest triggers and handling constraints for each included coke family and condition?