chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Let an agent explain COPD and its forms in general terms from respiratory guidelines, describe causes, diagnosis, staging and treatment, identify exacerbation emergencies, and route personal questions to clinicians.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain COPD and its forms in general terms from respiratory guidelines, describe causes, diagnosis, staging and treatment, identify exacerbation emergencies, and route personal questions to clinicians.
A progressive lung disease characterised by persistent airflow limitation from chronic bronchitis and emphysema, in which the airways are inflamed and narrowed and the alveoli are destroyed, most often caused by tobacco smoking and also by biomass smoke, occupational dusts and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, graded from mild to very severe, with emphysema forms such as bullous, interstitial and compensatory emphysema and radiological signs such as hyperlucent lung; COPD is a leading cause of death worldwide and is managed with smoking cessation, inhalers, rehabilitation and oxygen.
What it is for: Not applicable; a disease.
It can be explain the disease and forms; relay causes, diagnosis and staging; relay treatment; route emergencies and personal questions.
Distinguishing features
Persistent airflow limitation
Smoking as main cause
GOLD staging
Exacerbations
What it looks like
Not a visible object; breathlessness, cough and sputum.
Physical character
people with COPD worldwide: about 390 million - estimates
deaths per year: about 3.2 million - WHO
diagnostic spirometry: FEV1/FVC below 0.7 criterion - post-bronchodilator
How it is recognised
Chronic airflow limitation
Chronic bronchitis, emphysema including bullous, interstitial and compensatory forms, hyperlucent lung, mild to very severe COPD
Asthma is reversible airflow limitation; bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease are distinct
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is caused by - in most cases
is diagnosed by - with airflow limitation
is staged by - the Global Initiative for COPD
In practice
Families and kinds
chronic bronchitis
pulmonary emphysema including bullous emphysema
interstitial and compensatory emphysema as related radiological entities
mild, moderate, severe and very severe COPD by GOLD grade
alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency COPD
COPD from biomass smoke and occupational exposure
Identifiers
ICD-11 CA22 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
MeSH D029424 pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive
Standards and regulation
GOLD strategy reports and national COPD guidelines
Tobacco control laws
Occupational dust exposure limits
Home oxygen prescribing rules
Failure modes and hazards
Missed exacerbations and respiratory failure
Agents giving personal medical advice
Underdiagnosis
Confusing COPD with asthma
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Help Urgent signs first.
Safety.
Urgent
Exacerbations.
Urgent
Urgent.
- Which signs, such as severe breathlessness, blue lips, confusion or chest pain, need emergency care? action
- Is the user describing such signs, which need emergency services now? boundary
Care
Getting assessed.
Care
Care.
- How is COPD diagnosed with spirometry and staged, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking about their own breathing, which needs a clinician? boundary
Understand The disease.
Clinical.
Definition
Definition and forms.
Definition
Definition.
- What is COPD, and how do chronic bronchitis and emphysema including bullous and other forms contribute? definition
- Is the question about COPD, asthma or another lung disease? boundary
Causes
Causes.
Causes
Causes.
- What causes COPD, from smoking and biomass smoke to occupational dust and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific cause? action
Treat Treatment.
Clinical.
Treatment
Treatment.
Treatment
Treatment.
- What treatments do guidelines recommend, from smoking cessation and inhalers to rehabilitation, oxygen and surgery, in general terms? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Living
Living with COPD.
Living
Living.
- What self-management, vaccination and support help people with COPD? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Epidemiology and research.
Context.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology.
- How common is COPD, and how does its burden vary worldwide? provenance
- Which entry fits global respiratory health? action
Research
Research.
Research
Research.
- What research addresses new treatments and early detection, with findings attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits respiratory research? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should emphysema and chronic bronchitis be separate primary entries?
- How should GOLD and national guidelines be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming emphysema variants and radiological signs; should they be split off?