African trypanosomiasis
Let an agent explain human African trypanosomiasis in general terms, relay transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment information from WHO and national programmes, describe the elimination effort, and route personal symptoms or travel questions to clinicians and travel health services.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain human African trypanosomiasis in general terms, relay transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment information from WHO and national programmes, describe the elimination effort, and route personal symptoms or travel questions to clinicians and travel health services.
A parasitic disease of humans caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or rhodesiense and transmitted by the bite of tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa, also called sleeping sickness; it progresses from a blood stage to invasion of the central nervous system with sleep disturbance and neurological signs, is fatal without treatment, and has been reduced to low case numbers by control programmes targeting elimination.
What it is for: Not applicable; a disease.
It can be explain cause, transmission and course; relay prevention and travel guidance; relay diagnosis and treatment information from WHO; route personal questions to clinicians.
Distinguishing features
Tsetse fly transmission
Two disease forms
Central nervous system stage
Target of elimination programmes
What it looks like
Not visible as an object; fever, swollen lymph nodes and later sleep disturbance and neurological signs in the affected person.
Physical character
reported cases: under 1000 per year - recent WHO figures; down from tens of thousands
parasite subspecies: 2 forms - gambiense and rhodesiense
How it is recognised
Trypanosome parasites transmitted by tsetse flies
Two forms by parasite subspecies, chronic in West and Central Africa, acute in East Africa
Chagas disease is American trypanosomiasis with a different parasite and vector
Related models
is a kind of - the category
is caused by - the parasite
is transmitted by - the vector
is confused with - American trypanosomiasis
In practice
Families and kinds
gambiense sleeping sickness
rhodesiense sleeping sickness
first stage and second stage disease
animal trypanosomiasis or nagana, related
Identifiers
ICD-10 B56
ICD-11 1F51
Standards and regulation
WHO guidelines on diagnosis and treatment
WHO neglected tropical disease road map elimination targets
National control programmes and surveillance
Failure modes and hazards
Death if untreated
Late diagnosis in remote areas
Resurgence if surveillance lapses
Agents giving personal medical advice
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What the disease is.
General information.
Cause
Cause and transmission.
Cause
Cause.
- What causes the disease, how is it transmitted, and where does it occur? definition
- Is the user describing their own symptoms after travel, which needs a clinician? boundary
Course
Stages.
Course
Course.
- How does the disease progress in each form, and what are the signs? definition
- Which entry fits Chagas disease? action
Prevent Prevention and control.
Public health.
Prevention
Personal prevention.
Prevention
Prevention.
- What prevention do travel health authorities advise in affected areas? provenance
- Which entry fits travel medicine? action
Control
Vector control and screening.
Control
Control.
- How do programmes control tsetse flies and screen populations? provenance
- Which entry fits vector control? action
Care Diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis.
- How is the disease diagnosed and staged, in general terms? provenance
- Which entry fits parasitology tests? action
Treatment
Treatment.
Treatment
Treatment.
- What treatments do WHO guidelines describe, including newer oral drugs? provenance
- Is the presentation free of personal treatment advice? boundary
Elimination Elimination and history.
Context.
Progress
Elimination progress.
Progress
Progress.
- What progress has been made toward elimination, with figures and sources? measurement
- Which sources and years are cited? provenance
History
History and research.
History
History.
- What is the history of the disease and its control, and which references are standard? provenance
- Which entry fits neglected tropical diseases? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should the two forms be separate entries?
- How should WHO data be linked by year?
- How should elimination status be recorded by country?