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electron

vr.tr.electron · thing-q2225

Let an agent give recommended values for the electron's constants, separating exact values from measured ones with uncertainties, explain its role in atoms, chemistry and electricity, and point to authoritative data.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems PHY.OBJ
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Properties What the electron is.

Constants

Charge, mass, spin, magnetic moment.

Constant

Value, uncertainty, source.

  1. What is the value and uncertainty? measurement
  2. Which CODATA release is used? provenance

Classification

Lepton family.

Particle class

Lepton generation and antiparticle.

  1. Where does it sit in the Standard Model? definition
  2. What is its antiparticle? definition
In atoms Electrons in matter.

Shells and orbitals

Electron configuration.

Configuration

Configuration of an element.

  1. What is the electron configuration? provenance
  2. Which electrons are valence electrons? definition

Bonding

Chemical bonds.

Bond

Role in bonding.

  1. How do electrons form this bond? definition
  2. What determines electronegativity? definition
In technology Uses of electrons.

Current

Conduction.

Conduction

Carriers in materials.

  1. Are electrons the charge carriers here? boundary
  2. What is their mobility? measurement

Beams

Microscopy and accelerators.

Electron beam

Energy and use.

  1. What beam energy is used? measurement
  2. For which application? definition
History and measurement Discovery and measurement.

Discovery

1897 and after.

Discovery

Experiment and date.

  1. How was the electron discovered? provenance
  2. How was its charge measured? provenance

Precision measurement

Modern measurements.

Measurement

Method and result.

  1. Which experiment gives the best value? provenance
  2. How precise is it? measurement

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Physical world and living systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
PHY
Domain
PHY.OBJ
Other names and narrower kinds
valence electron, Auger electron, Compton electron, conversion electron, conduction electron, photoelectron, balance of electrons, secondary electron, Runaway electrons, Back-scattered electron, core electron, unpaired electron

What it is Filled

A stable subatomic particle with a negative elementary charge, a lepton of spin 1/2 found in all atoms around the nucleus; it carries electric current in metals and determines chemical bonding.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent give recommended values for the electron's constants, separating exact values from measured ones with uncertainties, explain its role in atoms, chemistry and electricity, and point to authoritative data.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • A first-generation charged lepton, not made of smaller known particles.
  • Its antiparticle is the positron, with positive charge.
  • Much lighter than the proton, about 1/1836 of its mass.

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • give values without stating the source and uncertainty
  • advise working with radiation sources without qualified supervision

May

  • give constants with sources
  • explain physics

Moral aspects Filled

  • accuracy of scientific communication

Who is affected

  • students and researchers

Owners Filled

Steward

nobody; a natural particle

Master systems

  • CODATA Task Group on Fundamental Constants recommended values, disseminated by NIST
  • Particle Data Group

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q43116 - registry parent class
  • Q94535579 - registry parent class

related

  • lepton - elementary particle
  • atom - electron shells
  • positron - antiparticle
  • electric current - in conductors

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.electron
  • Wikidata: Q2225 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225)
  • PDG particle code: 11 Monte Carlo particle numbering scheme

Direct properties required Filled

  • electric charge: -1.602176634e-19 C - exact since the 2019 SI revision
  • rest mass: 9.1093837139(28)e-31 kg - CODATA 2022, standard uncertainty 2.8e-40 kg; about 0.511 MeV/c2
  • spin: 1/2 - a fermion

Recognition required Filled

  • Not visible; detected by tracks in detectors and by electric current

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • give charge, mass and spin from CODATA
  • explain the electron's role in atoms and bonding
  • distinguish electrons in different contexts (valence, conduction, photoelectrons)
  • point to particle data sources

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Electron beams and beta radiation can cause radiation exposure
  • Electric shock from currents

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants (NIST)
  • SI Brochure, 9th edition (BIPM), fixing the elementary charge

Context of use required Filled

  • In nature, building atoms and chemical bonds; in technology, carrying electric current and forming beams in microscopes and accelerators.
  • valence electron (role)
  • conduction electron (state)
  • photoelectron (emission mechanism)
  • Auger electron (emission mechanism)
  • beta particle (electron from beta decay)

Sources Filled

  1. Q2225 - identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks
  2. Electron - general description of the subject
  3. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2022 - Electron mass and uncertainty, rest energy, charge and electron-proton mass ratio.
  4. The International System of Units - Exact elementary charge and the SI revision effective 20 May 2019.
  5. Monte Carlo Particle Numbering Scheme - Electron particle code 11 and the numbering scheme.
  6. Electron - Stable elementary particle, first-generation lepton, negative charge and positron antiparticle.
  7. CODATA values of the fundamental physical constants - CODATA's responsibility for recommended values and their determination from combined experimental and theoretical information.
  8. Our History - Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1897.

Open questions

  • The registry merges electrons in specific roles; these are the same particle in different roles or states, not separate species.

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q2225/spec.json