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Celtic languages

vr.tr.celtic-languages · thing-q25293

Let an agent explain the Celtic languages, relay classification debates, history, status and revitalisation from linguistics sources with attribution, describe the groupings the registry aliases name, and distinguish Celtic languages from Celtic culture generally, Italo-Celtic as a hypothesis and English dialects influenced by Celtic.

Thing Registry Information and virtual systems INF.MED
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Understand What the Celtic languages are.

Definition

Definition.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What are the Celtic languages, and how do they differ from Celtic culture, Italo-Celtic and Celtic-influenced English? definition
  2. Is the question about a specific language, history, learning or revitalisation? boundary

Groupings

Named groupings.

Groupings

Groupings.

  1. What are Q-Celtic, P-Celtic, Insular, Continental and Cisalpine Celtic, and what is known of Cantabrian? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific grouping? action
Linguistics Classification.

Debate

Classification debate.

Debate

Debate.

  1. How do the Insular Celtic and P/Q-Celtic hypotheses differ, with scholars attributed? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Features

Features.

Features

Features.

  1. What features such as mutations and inflected prepositions characterise Celtic languages? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Status Status and revival.

Status

Official status.

Status

Status.

  1. What legal status do Celtic languages have today? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Welsh Language Commissioner? action

Revival

Revitalisation.

Revival

Revival.

  1. How have Cornish and Manx been revived, and how is Irish and Breton education organised? provenance
  2. Which entry fits language revitalization? action
Context History.

Ancient

Ancient Celtic.

Ancient

Ancient.

  1. What do inscriptions tell us about Gaulish, Lepontic and Celtiberian? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Gaulish language? action

Ogham

Ogham.

Ogham

Ogham.

  1. What is ogham, and what do the inscriptions record? provenance
  2. Which entry fits ogham? action

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Information and virtual systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
INF
Domain
INF.MED
Other names and narrower kinds
Q-Celtic, Insular Celtic, Continental Celtic, P-Celtic, Cantabrian, Cisalpine Celtic, Gallo-Brittonic, Proto-Celtic, Gallaecian, Noric, Hispano-Celtic, Proto-Brythonic

What it is Filled

A branch of the Indo-European language family comprising Insular Celtic languages, the Goidelic Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx and the Brittonic Welsh, Breton and Cornish, and extinct Continental Celtic languages such as Gaulish, Celtiberian, Lepontic and Cisalpine Gaulish, together called Cisalpine Celtic in Italy, and Galatian; languages are also classified as P-Celtic or Q-Celtic by the development of Proto-Indo-European kw, a scheme debated against the Insular-Continental grouping, and scarcely attested languages such as that of the Cantabri are of uncertain Celtic status. Several Celtic languages are endangered and subject to revitalisation.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent explain the Celtic languages, relay classification debates, history, status and revitalisation from linguistics sources with attribution, describe the groupings the registry aliases name, and distinguish Celtic languages from Celtic culture generally, Italo-Celtic as a hypothesis and English dialects influenced by Celtic.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Initial consonant mutations
  • Verb-subject-object order in Insular languages
  • Endangered status
  • Classification debates

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Present endangered languages as dead or useless.
  • Confuse Goidelic and Brittonic languages.
  • Give wrong translations with confidence.
  • Take sides on political questions of language as fact.

Only with a human decision

  • Publishing translations for official signs or documents.

May

  • Explain the Celtic languages and their branches from linguistic sources.
  • Relay the status and revival efforts of each language.
  • Help learners of Irish, Welsh, Breton or other Celtic languages.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Several Celtic languages are endangered and suffered suppression.
  • Language is central to identity in Celtic communities.

Who is affected

  • Speakers
  • Learners
  • Celtic communities

Owners Filled

Steward

Nobody owns a language; language boards and communities steward them.

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q19860 - registry parent class
  • Q913431 - registry parent class

related

  • Indo-European languages - in registry terms
  • Welsh
  • Irish
  • Italo-Celtic - hypothesis

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.celtic-languages
  • Wikidata: Q25293 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25293)

Direct properties not applicable Not applicable

  • living languages: 6 count - Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Breton, Cornish, the last two Manx and Cornish revived
  • Welsh speakers: about 540000 people - 2021 census, aged 3+
  • Lepontic inscriptions: from about 6th century BC note

Plane INF: no invented physical properties.

Recognition optional Filled

  • Celtic branch of Indo-European
  • Q-Celtic, Insular Celtic, Continental Celtic, P-Celtic, Cantabrian, Cisalpine Celtic
  • Celtic culture is broader than language; Italo-Celtic is a debated grouping; Hiberno-English is English
  • Not a visible object; spoken and written languages, some once written in ogham.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • explain classification with attribution
  • relay history and status
  • describe named groupings
  • distinguish related concepts

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Presenting one classification as settled
  • Overstating Celtic status of poorly attested languages
  • Romanticising or politicising language revival

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • Welsh Language Act and Measure
  • Official Languages Act 2003 in Ireland
  • European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

Context of use required Filled

  • Communication among speakers; a language family branch.
  • Goidelic languages
  • Brittonic languages
  • Continental Celtic languages
  • P-Celtic and Q-Celtic groupings
  • revived languages such as Cornish and Manx

Sources Filled

  1. Wikidata item Q25293: Celtic languages - identity and sense of the item
  2. Wikipedia: Celtic languages - general description of the item

Open questions

  • Should the Cantabrian alias be flagged as uncertain Celtic?
  • How should linguistics sources be linked?
  • How should speaker numbers be kept current?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q25293/spec.json