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Research draft

sail

vr.tr.sail · PHY.OBJ

Let an agent explain sails and how they work, describe kinds and rigs, relay materials, design and safety, and distinguish sails from kites, wind turbines and other wind devices.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain sails and how they work, describe kinds and rigs, relay materials, design and safety, and distinguish sails from kites, wind turbines and other wind devices.

A surface of fabric or rigid material that captures wind to propel a boat, ship, windsurfer or land vehicle, in forms such as square and fore-and-aft sails, mainsails, jibs, spinnakers and spankers, rigid wingsails and inflatable wing sails, and windsurf sail rigs; sails work by generating lift and drag, are made from cotton, flax or modern synthetic fabrics and are rigged on masts and spars under systems such as sloop, ketch and junk rigs.

What it is for: Propelling craft by wind.

It can be explain aerodynamics and kinds; describe rigs and materials; relay design and handling; distinguish from related devices.

Distinguishing features

Lift and drag propulsion

Fabric or rigid forms

Rig-dependent shapes

Trim and control

What it looks like

A large fabric or rigid surface set on a mast to catch the wind.

How it is recognised

Wind-catching surface for propulsion

Mainsail, jib, spinnaker, spanker, wingsail, windsurf sail

Kites fly on lines; wind turbines extract power; solar sails use light pressure

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

ship element

is a kind of - in registry terms

propulsion

is a kind of - in registry terms

product

is set on - and spars

mast

In practice

Families and kinds

square sails

fore-and-aft sails: mainsail, jib, genoa, mizzen and spanker

downwind sails: spinnaker and gennaker

rigid and inflatable wingsails

windsurf and kite-adjacent sail rigs

sails for land and ice yachts

modern cargo ship sails

Standards and regulation

Class rules for racing sails

ISO standards for small craft rigging

Sail measurement rules of sailing federations

Failure modes and hazards

Tearing and rig failure

Capsize from overpowering

Confusing sail types and rigs

Also called

wingsailinflatable wing sailwindsurf sail rigSpanker (sail)mainsailspinnakerlateen sailsquare rigDrablerWindWingroyaltopsailgennakerBermuda sailJibtopfore-and-aft rigWatersailSpritsailTallboyStudding sailcrab claw sailGunterstaysailStorm sailsmoonrakerforesailTanja sailmizzentrysailmizzen staysailtopgallant sailSluterparasailorgaff rig staysailjibstaysail linking mastsfore staysailstorm jibballon jib

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Also registered as vr.tr.sail

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand How sails work.

Science.

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics.

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics.

  1. How do sails generate lift and drag, and how can boats sail upwind? definition
  2. Is the device a sail, a kite or another wind device? boundary

Kinds

Kinds and rigs.

Kinds

Kinds.

  1. What kinds of sail exist, and how do rigs combine them? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific sail or rig? action
Make Materials and design.

Practice.

Materials

Materials.

Materials

Materials.

  1. What materials are sails made from, from canvas to laminates and rigid wings? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Design

Sail design.

Design

Design.

  1. How are sails designed, cut and measured, including under class rules? provenance
  2. Which entry fits sailmaking? action
Use Handling and safety.

Practice.

Handling

Trim and handling.

Handling

Handling.

  1. How are sails trimmed, reefed and handled, in general terms? provenance
  2. Is the user seeking instruction for real sailing, which needs a qualified course? boundary

Safety

Safety.

Safety

Safety.

  1. What safety issues involve sails, and how are they managed? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Context History and future.

Context.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How did sails develop from ancient square sails to modern rigs and wingsails? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of sailing? action

Future

Wind-assisted shipping.

Future

Future.

  1. How are sails and wingsails being revived for cargo ships, as reported? provenance
  2. Which entry fits wind-assisted propulsion? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should each sail type be a separate entry?
  • How should class rules be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific sail types and technologies; should they be split off?