penalty kick
Enable an AI agent to recognise an association-football penalty kick, assess its procedural state under the applicable rules, and identify permitted next actions.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to recognise an association-football penalty kick, assess its procedural state under the applicable rules, and identify permitted next actions.
In association football, a penalty kick is a restart awarded when a player commits a direct-free-kick offence inside their own penalty area while the ball is in play, taken from the penalty mark against the defending goalkeeper under prescribed positioning and execution rules.
It can be Check whether an observed event belongs to this penalty-kick procedure and identify its context.; Identify missing setup evidence before assessing readiness.; Compare observed positioning and execution with the applicable rules.; Build a reviewable event sequence for suspected infringements.; Separate provisional observations from the official decision.; Determine whether the procedure is complete or requires a decision, retake or continuation..
Distinguishing features
The procedure must be identified as an association-football penalty kick under a named ruleset; a kick merely taken near the penalty mark does not qualify.
An official award or shoot-out allocation distinguishes the regulated procedure from an ordinary shot or practice attempt.
Its prescribed starting location and participant constraints distinguish it from a direct free kick.
A kick during play and a kick in a shoot-out must be distinguished because their resolution and continuation rules may differ.
The observed ball result and the official disposition are separately recorded: seeing the ball enter the goal does not by itself settle the kick.
Scope
+ Identification of the sport, competition, governing rules and procedural context
+ Basis and status of the award or shoot-out allocation
+ Kicker, goalkeeper, ball and participant-position requirements
+ Authorisation, execution and relevant infringements
+ Kick outcome, official decision and subsequent procedural state
- The complete match and its general restart system
- Shoot-out sequencing, eligibility management and overall winner determination
- General foul classification and disciplinary proceedings beyond their effect on this kick
- Player technique, training programmes and psychological assessment
- Penalty procedures in other sports
Characteristics
- Governing rules
- Sport variant, governing authority, rules edition and competition modifications Requirements and decisions must be evaluated against the rules applicable to this event.
- Procedural context
- During play; shoot-out; context unresolved Determines which completion and continuation conditions need to be checked.
- Award or allocation basis
- Linked incident and official award, or linked shoot-out allocation Explains why this kick exists and prevents confusion with an informal attempt.
- Procedure phase
- Awarded or allocated; preparing; authorised; taken; awaiting decision; resolved; cancelled Identifies which checks and actions are relevant now.
- Designated participants
- Identified kicker, defending goalkeeper and relevant officials Participant identity affects authorisation, compliance and attribution.
- Setup observations
- Ball and player positions relative to required pitch references, in metres where available, with observation time and uncertainty Supports assessment of positioning requirements at the relevant instant.
- Execution event sequence
- Ordered authorisation, kick, player touches, ball contacts and stoppages with timestamps where available The order of events may determine validity, completion and the next action.
- Compliance assessment
- Not assessed; no infringement established; suspected infringement; confirmed infringement; unresolved Separates missing evidence from an affirmative finding of compliance.
- Observed ball result
- Entered goal; goalkeeper contact; goal-frame contact; out of play; still moving or playable; interrupted; unknown; multiple events may apply Preserves physical observations independently of the official ruling.
- Official disposition
- Pending; goal awarded; no goal; retake ordered; other restart ordered; decision revised Controls the recorded result and permitted procedural continuation.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 18 findings · 28 questions.
Penalty context and basis Establishes which penalty-kick procedure is being modelled and why it was initiated.
A penalty during play and a shoot-out kick share features but cannot be assessed as interchangeable procedures.
Governing context
Identifies the football variant, applicable rules and context of the kick.
Applicable penalty procedure
Record the rules edition and whether this is a penalty during play or an individual shoot-out kick.
- Which governing rules, edition and competition modifications apply to this kick? provenance
- Is this a penalty during play or a shoot-out kick, and what evidence establishes that context? boundary
Award or allocation
Connects the procedure to its initiating official decision.
Initiating decision
Record the award or allocation and any review that changes its status without reconstructing the entire underlying incident.
- Which official decision awarded or allocated this kick, and where is that decision recorded? provenance
- Is the decision operative, under review, revised or cancelled? action
Penalty setup and readiness Captures the participants and physical arrangement required before execution.
Penalty readiness depends on specific ball, kicker, goalkeeper and other-player constraints.
Kicker, ball and mark
Records the designated kicker and the ball's setup relative to the prescribed starting location.
Kick start configuration
Assess kicker identification and ball placement using the applicable requirements and available observations.
- Who is the designated kicker, and has that identity been established for this attempt? definition
- What evidence establishes the ball's placement and stationary state at the required pre-kick instant? measurement
Goalkeeper and other players
Records participant positions at the instants relevant to the kick.
Participant position compliance
Evaluate the goalkeeper and other players against their respective positioning requirements without assuming that all position breaches have the same consequence.
- Where was the goalkeeper relative to the goal line at the instant specified by the applicable rules? measurement
- Which other players were subject to positioning restrictions, and what evidence supports their compliance or breach? measurement
Penalty authorisation and execution Tracks permission to take the kick and the observable sequence that follows.
The kick is a timed procedure whose validity can depend on authorisation, movement and successive contacts.
Authorisation and approach
Separates preparation and approach from the authorised act of taking the kick.
Authorised kick initiation
Record the official signal, approach and any interruption relevant to whether execution could proceed.
- What official signal authorised execution, and did the kick follow it? provenance
- Did any interruption or official instruction suspend authorisation before the ball was kicked? action
Ball movement and contacts
Captures the kick and subsequent contacts needed to assess execution and continuation.
Execution contact sequence
Record initial ball movement and later touches, distinguishing observed contact from inferred contact.
- How did the ball move when kicked, and does that movement meet the applicable execution requirements? measurement
- Which player and goal-frame contacts followed, in what order, and with what evidential uncertainty? measurement
Penalty infringements and decisions Relates suspected procedural breaches to evidence and an applicable official ruling.
Penalty infringement consequences can depend on the actor, timing, interaction with other breaches and kick outcome.
Breach identification
Describes potential breaches precisely enough to select the relevant rule.
Penalty breach evidence
Record the actor, conduct and timing of suspected encroachment, goalkeeper movement, prohibited feinting, additional kicker contact or other interference.
- What specific conduct may constitute a breach, by whom, and at which point in the procedure? definition
- Which observations support the allegation, and which elements remain uncertain? provenance
Consequence selection
Determines how the applicable rules resolve the established circumstances.
Context-dependent ruling
Link any decision to the relevant provision, accounting for interacting breaches and outcome-dependent conditions.
- How do the kick outcome, any required impact condition and simultaneous breaches affect the applicable ruling? boundary
- What decision did the authorised official make, and which rule supports the resulting next action? action
Penalty result and continuation Separates physical result, official disposition and the point at which this procedure ends.
A save, rebound or apparent goal does not alone establish the procedure's final state.
Observed and awarded result
Preserves what happened to the ball alongside what was officially decided.
Result reconciliation
Record the ball result separately from the awarded outcome and retain any decision revision.
- What happened to the ball, and what evidence establishes an apparent goal, save, miss or unresolved sequence? measurement
- Was that observed result accepted, disallowed or superseded by a later official decision? provenance
Completion and next procedure
Identifies the completion condition and hands subsequent activity to the appropriate neighbouring model.
Penalty procedure closure
Determine whether this kick is resolved and link a retake or subsequent play without conflating separate attempts.
- Which completion condition applies in this context, including any period extended specifically to complete the penalty? boundary
- Does the decision require continuing play, a restart, a retake or return to shoot-out management, and how is that successor linked? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- The registry supplies no sense; this description assumes association football.
- Penalty shoot-out kicks are often called penalties in ordinary usage but have a distinct legal role.
- This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; check the applicable IFAB edition for detailed infringement, goalkeeper-positioning and accidental-double-touch provisions.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Penalty kick during normal playing time
- Penalty kick during extra time
- Penalty kick taken with a period extended to complete it
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- International Football Association Board (IFAB), Laws of the Game, Law 14: The Penalty Kick
- IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct
- IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 1: The Field of Play
- IFAB Laws of the Game, Law 10: Determining the Outcome of a Match, governs the distinct penalty shoot-out procedure
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Restarts play after qualifying offences by the defending team inside its penalty area
- Provides a direct opportunity to score against the goalkeeper
- Supports analysis of kicking accuracy, goalkeeper anticipation and performance under pressure
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Distance from the penalty mark to the midpoint between the goalposts - 11 - m
- Minimum distance of players other than the kicker and defending goalkeeper from the penalty mark before the kick - At least 9.15 - m
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- The kicker misses the goal or the goalkeeper saves the shot
- Player encroachment or goalkeeper positioning infringements can affect whether the kick stands or must be retaken
- Illegal feinting after completion of the run-up can lead to disciplinary action and loss of the scoring opportunity
- An impermissible second touch by the kicker before another player touches the ball can invalidate subsequent play
- Collisions can occur when players contest a rebound
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Association football uses a common IFAB framework internationally; modified formats should be checked against their applicable rules
- Futsal has a separate FIFA rules framework and uses a penalty mark 6 metres from goal
- Other football codes also use the term penalty kick for materially different procedures
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Direct free kick - A penalty kick is the specially regulated restart for qualifying defending-team offences inside its penalty area; other direct free kicks generally occur at the offence location.
- Penalty shoot-out - A shoot-out determines a match winner through a sequence of kicks after play has ended; it is not a restart awarded for an offence during play.
- Indirect free kick - An indirect free kick requires another player to touch the ball before a goal can be scored and can be awarded inside the penalty area without becoming a penalty kick.
- Penalty area - The penalty area is a marked field region whose boundaries help determine eligibility for the restart.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of penalty kick this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does the registry intend association football specifically, and does it include futsal or other football variants within this entry?
- Which authoritative rules editions and competition modifications should the researched model cover?
- Should shoot-out kicks be represented as a context of this model or linked to an existing separate registered concept?
- How should successive retakes be identified so that the original award, individual attempts and final disposition remain distinguishable?
- Which edition-specific provisions govern accidental additional kicker contact, encroachment consequences and completion during an extended period?