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tropane alkaloids

vr.tr.tropane-alkaloids · thing-q2832080

Let an agent explain tropane alkaloids and their sources, relay pharmacology, medical uses and toxicity in general from pharmacology references, describe food safety and regulation, route suspected poisonings to emergency services, and decline extraction, synthesis or recreational use detail.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems PHY.MAT
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Help Poisoning first.

Poisoning

Suspected poisoning.

Poisoning

Poisoning.

  1. Why does suspected ingestion of nightshade plants or contaminated food with symptoms such as dilated pupils, confusion, rapid heartbeat or hallucinations need emergency services or poison control immediately? action
  2. Is the user describing a suspected poisoning now, which needs emergency services? boundary

Food

Food contamination.

Food

Food.

  1. How do tropane alkaloids contaminate cereals and other foods, and what limits apply? provenance
  2. Which entry fits food contaminant? action
Understand The class.

Definition

Definition and sources.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What are tropane alkaloids, which plants produce them, and which registry aliases belong elsewhere? definition
  2. Is the question about the class, a specific compound, or extraction and misuse the model does not cover? boundary

Members

Members.

Members

Members.

  1. How do atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, cocaine and calystegines differ in structure and action? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific compound? action
Medicine Pharmacology and medicine.

Pharmacology

Pharmacology.

Pharmacology

Pharmacology.

  1. How do tropane alkaloids act on receptors and transporters, in general terms? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Uses

Medical uses.

Uses

Uses.

  1. How are atropine, scopolamine and derivatives used in medicine, in general terms? provenance
  2. Is the user asking about their own treatment, which needs a clinician? boundary
Context History and biosynthesis.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How have nightshade alkaloids figured in history, from medicine to poisons and folklore, as historians describe? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of pharmacology? action

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis.

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis.

  1. How do plants make tropane alkaloids, and why? provenance
  2. Which entry fits alkaloid biosynthesis? action

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Physical world and living systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
PHY
Domain
PHY.MAT
Other names and narrower kinds
calystegin A3, calystegine B2, Hyoscyamine, 2-(9-butyl-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-yl)-3-methoxy-4-methyl-2H-furan-5-one, Stemofoline, (5E)-5-[(1R,4S,5R,6R,8R,9R,12R,13R)-9-butyl-12-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one, (5E)-5-[(1R,4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,13R)-9-[(2R)-2-hydroxybutyl]-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one, (5Z)-5-[(1R,4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,13R)-9-[(2R)-2-hydroxybutyl]-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one, (5E)-5-[(1R,4R,5S,6R,8R,9R,13S)-9-[(E)-but-1-enyl]-4-methyl-2,14-dioxa-10-azapentacyclo[6.5.1.01,5.06,10.09,13]tetradecan-3-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-methylfuran-2-one, 1-(1,4-Dimethyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl)-3-(1-methyl-13-propan-2-yl-11-azapentacyclo[8.5.0.02,12.03,7.07,11]pentadecan-2-yl)propan-1-one, [8-Methyl-6-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 6,15,22,28-tetramethyl-5,10,20,23-tetraoxo-8-phenyl-4,11,19,24-tetraoxa-15,28-diazahexacyclo[23.3.1.114,18.03,27.06,9.012,16]triacont-21-ene-7-carboxylate, (6-But-2-en-2-yloxycarbonyl-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 6,15,21,28-tetramethyl-5,10,20,23-tetraoxo-8-phenyl-4,11,19,24-tetraoxa-15,28-diazahexacyclo[23.3.1.114,18.03,27.06,9.012,16]triacont-21-ene-7-carboxylate

What it is Filled

A class of alkaloids containing the bicyclic tropane ring, produced mainly by plants of the nightshade family such as belladonna, henbane, datura and mandrake and by coca, including atropine and its natural form hyoscyamine, scopolamine, cocaine, and the polyhydroxylated calystegines found in bindweeds, potatoes and other plants, while some registry aliases such as stemofoline belong to other alkaloid classes; some tropane alkaloids act on acetylcholine or monoamine systems, whereas calystegines inhibit glycosidases, and members of the class include medicines for eye examination, motion sickness and anaesthesia, toxic substances and controlled substances.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent explain tropane alkaloids and their sources, relay pharmacology, medical uses and toxicity in general from pharmacology references, describe food safety and regulation, route suspected poisonings to emergency services, and decline extraction, synthesis or recreational use detail.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Members contain a tropane ring.
  • Many members originate in nightshade plants.
  • Some members have anticholinergic or stimulant action, whereas calystegines inhibit glycosidases.
  • The class includes medicines and poisons.

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Provide any information on extracting, refining or preparing these alkaloids from plants.
  • Advise on doses for non-medical, recreational or harmful use.
  • Assist in giving any of these substances to a person without their knowledge or consent.
  • Help produce, traffic or conceal controlled substances in this class.

Only with a human decision

  • Any advice that could affect the treatment of a person who may be poisoned, beyond directing them to emergency services.

May

  • Explain tropane alkaloids as a chemical class and name the plants that produce them, citing pharmacology sources.
  • Relay approved medical uses of drugs in this class, such as atropine, from official drug references.
  • Warn that the plants that contain them are poisonous and that suspected poisoning needs emergency care.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Some members are life-saving medicines while others are abused or used to incapacitate victims.
  • Accidental poisoning from garden and wild plants affects children and foragers.

Who is affected

  • Patients
  • Children and foragers
  • Victims of covert drugging

Owners Filled

Steward

Nobody owns the class; medicines regulators and drug control authorities govern the controlled members.

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q67390548 - registry parent class
  • Q70702 - registry parent class

related

  • alkaloid - in registry terms
  • tropane - derivatives in registry terms
  • Solanaceae - and coca plants
  • atropine - an essential medicine

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.tropane-alkaloids
  • Wikidata: Q2832080 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2832080)

Direct properties required Filled

  • core structure: 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane formula - tropane
  • main plant family: Solanaceae family
  • atropine on WHO essential list: yes note

Recognition required Filled

  • Alkaloids with a tropane ring
  • Atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, cocaine, calystegines
  • Stemofoline is a Stemona alkaloid; nicotine is a pyridine alkaloid; opioids are a separate class
  • Not a visible object; compounds in nightshade plants.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • explain the class and sources
  • relay pharmacology and uses
  • describe toxicity and regulation
  • route poisonings and decline misuse detail

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Poisoning from plants and contaminated food
  • Agents providing extraction, synthesis or misuse detail
  • Agents giving personal medical advice
  • Misfiled aliases from other alkaloid classes

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • Medicines regulation for atropine, scopolamine and related drugs
  • Controlled substance laws for cocaine
  • EU maximum levels for tropane alkaloids in food such as cereals

Context of use required Filled

  • Not applicable; a chemical class.
  • anticholinergic tropanes such as atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine
  • cocaine and related coca alkaloids
  • calystegines as glycosidase inhibitors
  • semi-synthetic derivatives used as medicines
  • misfiled aliases such as stemofoline that belong to Stemona alkaloids

Sources Filled

  1. Wikidata item Q2832080: tropane alkaloids - identity and sense of the item
  2. Wikipedia: Tropane alkaloid - general description of the item

Open questions

  • Should atropine and calystegine be separate primary entries?
  • How should pharmacology references be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases including Stemona alkaloids that are not tropanes; should they be removed?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q2832080/spec.json