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Lombard

vr.tr.lombard · thing-q33754

Let an agent explain the Lombard language and its dialects, relay classification, status and speakers from linguistic sources, describe its literature and vitality, and distinguish Lombard from Italian and from the Germanic Lombards.

Thing Registry Information and virtual systems INF.MED
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Understand What Lombard is.

Definition

Definition and classification.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is Lombard, and how is it classified as a Gallo-Italic language rather than an Italian dialect, with positions attributed? definition
  2. Is the question about the language, a dialect, Italian or the Germanic Lombards? boundary

Dialects

Dialects.

Dialects

Dialects.

  1. How do Western, Eastern and Alpine Lombard, Bresciano and Cremonese differ? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific dialect? action
Structure Grammar and writing.

Grammar

Grammar.

Grammar

Grammar.

  1. What are the main features of Lombard phonology and grammar? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Writing

Orthographies.

Writing

Writing.

  1. What orthographies are used, from classical Milanese to modern proposals? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Lombard orthography? action
Status Status and vitality.

Status

Legal status.

Status

Status.

  1. What status does Lombard hold in Italy and Switzerland? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance

Vitality

Vitality.

Vitality

Vitality.

  1. How endangered is Lombard, and what revitalisation efforts exist? provenance
  2. Which entry fits language revitalisation? action
Context History and literature.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How did Lombard develop from Latin, and how did Italian displace it? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of the languages of Italy? action

Literature

Literature.

Literature

Literature.

  1. What are the major works of Lombard literature, from Bonvesin to Porta and modern song? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Lombard literature? action

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Information and virtual systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
INF
Domain
INF.MED
Other names and narrower kinds
dialects of Lombard, Eastern Lombard, Alpine Lombard, Western Lombard, Bresciano, Cremunés, Trentino Western, Bergamasque, Mantovano, Cremish, Upper Valtellina dialect, Graubünden dialect

What it is Filled

A Gallo-Italic Romance language spoken in Lombardy and neighbouring areas of northern Italy and in Ticino and parts of Graubunden in Switzerland by about 3.5 million people, divided into Western Lombard including Milanese and Ticinese, Eastern Lombard including Bresciano and Bergamasque, Alpine Lombard and southern varieties such as Cremonese, with no single standard and a literary tradition in Milanese; Lombard is classified by UNESCO as definitely endangered.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent explain the Lombard language and its dialects, relay classification, status and speakers from linguistic sources, describe its literature and vitality, and distinguish Lombard from Italian and from the Germanic Lombards.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Gallo-Italic classification
  • No unified standard
  • Cross-border with Switzerland
  • Endangered status

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Treat Lombard only as a dialect of Italian without noting its linguistic classification.
  • Confuse the Lombard language with the language of the Germanic Lombards.
  • Mock speakers of Lombard or its varieties.

Only with a human decision

  • Choosing a spelling system or variety for public materials in Lombard.

May

  • Translate, describe and teach Lombard, naming the variety used.
  • Explain its classification as a Gallo-Italic Romance language, attributing the dialect debate.
  • Relay speaker estimates with their source and date.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Lombard is losing speakers; dismissing it as a dialect speeds that loss.
  • Language is part of regional identity and must be treated with respect.

Who is affected

  • Lombard speakers
  • Learners
  • Regional communities

Owners Filled

Steward

Nobody owns a language; it belongs to its speakers.

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q123401462 - registry parent class
  • Q516074 - registry parent class

related

  • Gallo-Italic - in registry terms
  • Piedmontese-Lombard - in registry terms
  • Lombardy - and Ticino
  • Italian language - the national standard

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.lombard
  • Wikidata: Q33754 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33754)
  • ISO 639-3: lmo
  • Glottolog: lomb1257

Direct properties not applicable Not applicable

  • speakers: about 3.5 million - estimates
  • UNESCO status: definitely endangered category
  • main dialect groups: 2-4 count - by classification

Plane INF: no invented physical properties.

Recognition optional Filled

  • Gallo-Italic language of Lombardy and Ticino
  • Western, Eastern and Alpine Lombard; Bresciano, Cremonese, Milanese, Bergamasque
  • Italian is the national language; the Lombards were a Germanic people; Lombard Street is unrelated
  • Not a visible object; written in the Latin alphabet in various orthographies.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • explain the language and dialects
  • relay classification and status
  • relay literature and vitality
  • distinguish from Italian and the Lombards

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Treating Lombard as an Italian dialect without noting linguistic classification
  • Confusing with the Germanic Lombards
  • Stale speaker estimates

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • Swiss recognition of Lombard as a minority language
  • Lombardy regional law on linguistic heritage of 2016
  • No recognition under Italian law 482/1999
  • UNESCO Atlas of endangered languages

Context of use required Filled

  • Not applicable; a language.
  • Western Lombard including Milanese, Ticinese and Comasco
  • Eastern Lombard including Bresciano and Bergamasque
  • Alpine Lombard varieties
  • southern and transitional varieties such as Cremonese
  • Lombard literary tradition in Milanese

Sources Filled

  1. Wikidata item Q33754: Lombard - identity and sense of the item
  2. Wikipedia: Lombard language - general description of the item

Open questions

  • Should Western and Eastern Lombard be separate primary entries?
  • How should linguistic references be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects; should they be split off?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q33754/spec.json