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Research draft

ion

vr.tr.ion · PHY.OBJ

Let an agent explain ions and their formation, naming and behaviour, support chemistry problem solving, and relate ions to biology, materials and technology.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain ions and their formation, naming and behaviour, support chemistry problem solving, and relate ions to biology, materials and technology.

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons, positively charged cations or negatively charged anions, including monatomic ions such as sodium and chloride and polyatomic ions such as sulfate, ammonium and bistriflimide; ions form ionic compounds, conduct electricity in solutions and plasmas, and are central to chemistry, biology and materials.

What it is for: Chemistry, biology and materials science.

It can be explain ion formation and charge; name and write formulas for ions; explain ions in solutions and biology; describe applications such as batteries and plasmas.

Distinguishing features

Net charge

Formed by electron transfer

Monatomic or polyatomic

Electrically conductive in solution

What it looks like

Not visible; charged particles inferred from behaviour.

How it is recognised

Net electric charge

Cations and anions

Neutral atoms and molecules have no net charge

Related models

is a kind of - category

charged particle

is a kind of - category

molecular entity

is transported by - ion transport

cellular transport

is related to - ionic conduction

conductance

In practice

Families and kinds

monatomic cations and anions

polyatomic ions

complex and coordination ions

non-coordinating anions

ions in plasmas

Standards and regulation

IUPAC nomenclature for ions

No regulation of ions as such

Failure modes and hazards

Wrong charges and formulas

Confusing ions with isotopes or radicals

Unsupported health claims about ions

Also called

non-coordinating anionpolyatomic ionsquaratebistriflimidepolyatomic anionpolyatomic cationpolystyrene sulfonateMalvidin 3-(6''-p-coumarylglucoside)peonidin-3-O-(6-O-trans-p-coumaryl-beta-D-glucoside)malvidin 3-O-{6-O-[(E)-caffeoyl]-beta-D-glucoside}delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-beta-D-glucosidepetunidin 3-(6''-acetylglucoside)Delphinidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucosideDelphinidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside 3-O-beta-D-sambubiosideAlatanin 2tulipanintropylium cationperruthenatechloronitramide aniondimercury(2+)hexaaquacopper(2+)dicyanoaurate ionalkoxide ionphosphoramidatetetracyanonickelate(2-)trioxidocarbonate(.1-)disulfide(.1-)disulfide(2-)fluoroanioncyclooctatetraenide aniontartrate(2−)superoxide anionthiosulfeno1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(2-)hydrazinium(2+)metatungstateparatungstatetolevamercyanidin cationradical ion

+668

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Basics What ions are.

Charge from electrons.

Formation

How ions form.

Formation

Formation.

  1. How does this atom or molecule become an ion, and what charge does it carry? definition
  2. Why do elements form the ions they do? definition

Naming

Names and formulas.

Naming

Naming.

  1. What is the correct name and formula of this ion under IUPAC rules? provenance
  2. How are polyatomic ions named? definition
Chemistry Ions in reactions.

Solutions and solids.

Solutions

Ions in solution.

Solutions

Solutions.

  1. How do ions behave in solution, and how do they conduct electricity? definition
  2. How are ionic equations written? action

Compounds

Ionic compounds.

Compounds

Ionic compounds.

  1. How do ions combine into ionic compounds, and what properties result? definition
  2. What are non-coordinating anions used for? provenance
Biology Ions in life.

Essential roles.

Cells

Ions in cells.

Cells

Cells.

  1. What roles do sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions play in cells and nerves? definition
  2. How are ion gradients maintained? definition

Claims

Health claims.

Claims

Health claims.

  1. Is this claim about ions, such as negative ion products, supported by evidence? boundary
  2. What do regulators say? provenance
Technology Applications.

Ions at work.

Batteries

Batteries and plating.

Batteries

Batteries.

  1. How do ions move in batteries, electroplating and electrolysis? definition
  2. Which ions are used in lithium-ion cells? provenance

Plasma

Ions in plasmas and space.

Plasma

Plasmas.

  1. How do ions behave in plasmas, ion thrusters and mass spectrometers? definition
  2. How can ions be taught? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should each common ion be a separate entry?
  • How should nomenclature resources be linked?
  • How should health claims be assessed?
Draft as JSON