phaseolus vulgaris
Let an agent identify the common bean and its varieties, relay cultivation, nutrition and preparation, describe its domestication and economic role, and distinguish it from other beans of different species.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent identify the common bean and its varieties, relay cultivation, nutrition and preparation, describe its domestication and economic role, and distinguish it from other beans of different species.
The common bean, an annual legume domesticated independently in Mesoamerica and the Andes and now grown worldwide for its dry seeds and green pods, in bush and pole growth habits and in many varieties such as kidney, pinto, black, navy, cannellini and borlotti beans and protected regional landraces; it is a staple protein source in Latin America, Africa and elsewhere, fixes nitrogen, and must be cooked to destroy the toxin phytohaemagglutinin.
What it is for: Food from dry seeds and green pods.
It can be identify varieties and habits; relay cultivation and nutrition; explain preparation and safety; distinguish from other beans.
Distinguishing features
Two domestication centres
Bush and pole habits
Dry and green uses
Toxin destroyed by cooking
What it looks like
A climbing or bush plant with trifoliate leaves, white or coloured flowers and pods holding kidney-shaped seeds.
Physical character
world dry bean production: about 28 million tonnes - FAO estimates
protein content: about 22 percent - dry seed
How it is recognised
Phaseolus vulgaris, bush and pole beans
Kidney, pinto, black, navy, green beans and landraces
Fava, soy, mung and runner beans are different species
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
belongs to - the legume family
is contrasted with - Phaseolus coccineus
In practice
Families and kinds
dry bean market classes such as kidney, pinto, black, navy and cannellini
green and snap beans
bush beans and pole beans
regional landraces such as Fagiolo di Polizzi and Alubias de Saldana
Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools
Identifiers
taxon Phaseolus vulgaris L.
HS code 0713.33 kidney beans, dried
Standards and regulation
Food safety guidance on cooking raw beans
Seed and variety regulations
Protected designations for regional landraces
Codex standards for pulses
Failure modes and hazards
Poisoning from undercooked beans
Confusing bean species
Diseases such as anthracnose and bean common mosaic virus
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Identify What bean this is.
Identity.
Variety
Varieties.
Variety
Variety.
- Which variety or market class is it, and what distinguishes it? definition
- Is the bean Phaseolus vulgaris or another species? boundary
Botany
Botany and habits.
Botany
Botany.
- How do bush and pole habits differ, and what are the plant features? definition
- Which entry fits the specific variety? action
Grow Cultivation.
Agriculture.
Cultivation
Cultivation.
Cultivation
Cultivation.
- How are common beans grown, from sowing to harvest, in gardens and fields? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Problems
Pests and diseases.
Problems
Problems.
- What pests and diseases affect beans, and how are they managed? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific disease? action
Eat Food and nutrition.
Practice.
Nutrition
Nutrition and safety.
Nutrition
Nutrition.
- What nutrients do beans provide, and how must they be cooked safely? provenance
- Is the user asking for personal dietary advice, which needs a professional? boundary
Cuisine
Cuisines.
Cuisine
Cuisine.
- How are beans used in cuisines from Latin America to Italy and Spain? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific dish? action
Context History and economy.
Context.
Domestication
Domestication.
Domestication
Domestication.
- How was the common bean domesticated in Mesoamerica and the Andes, and how did it spread? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Economy
Production and trade.
Economy
Economy.
- Who produces and trades common beans, with figures and sources? measurement
- Which entry fits pulse trade? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should green bean and dry bean be separate entries?
- How should FAO data be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming growth habits and landraces; should they be split off?