jihad

Jihad designation evidence

Record the exact wording, speaker, date and referent without silently upgrading a label into an accepted classification.

1. Who calls this activity jihad, in what words and in which accessible source? provenance
2. Does the expression identify an enacted activity, a proposed duty, a quotation, a personal name or an organization? boundary

Source-specific sense

Retain source-defined distinctions between forms of striving. One contemporary Muslim scholarly treatment discusses inward struggle and armed combat; use it as an attributed interpretation rather than a universal taxonomy: [Yaqeen Institute paper](https://yaqeeninstitute.org/read/paper/is-islam-a-conquest-ideology-on-jihad-war-peace).

1. What does jihad denote in the cited interpretation, and which form is claimed here? definition
2. Which interpreter, tradition and historical setting support that reading? provenance
3. Which alternative readings are relevant to this activity, and where do they disagree? boundary

Intention and religious reference

Record participants' accounts of striving in relation to God and any passages they invoke. Qur'an 22:78 provides a textual reference to striving for Allah, but its application to a particular activity requires separate evidence: [Qur'an 22:78](https://legacy.quran.com/22/78).

1. What religious aim do participants explicitly state for this activity? definition
2. Which testimony or text supports the recorded intention, and which motives are only attributed by observers? provenance

Sought transformation

Specify whether the claimed effort concerns personal conduct, communication, service, a collective condition or armed opposition, using the source's own distinctions.

1. What precisely is being resisted, cultivated, protected or changed according to participants? definition
2. What observable change would support the claimed practical outcome without purporting to measure divine acceptance? measurement
3. Where does this religiously framed activity begin and end relative to ordinary worship, service or political action? boundary

Obligation basis

Record any classification as individual duty, collective duty or another normative status only within its cited interpretive frame.

1. Is this activity presented as obligatory, encouraged or otherwise classified, and by whom? definition
2. What conditions, exemptions and participant qualifications does that source specify? boundary

Authorization and dispute

Distinguish personal commitment, scholarly interpretation and political or command authority where the cited framework makes those distinctions.

1. Does the cited framework require authorization for this form of jihad, and whose authorization is claimed? definition
2. What verifies the ruling's authorship, date and applicability to this activity? provenance
3. Which unresolved authority claims require qualified review before the agent relies on them? action

Observed practice

Separate private discipline, expression, service, material support and direct force, recording mixed or changing practices when evidenced.

1. What actions constitute this activity in practice, and which are only announced or alleged? measurement
2. Who performs each evidenced role, and what distinguishes participation from sympathy or external attribution? boundary

Force and claimed limits

Record evidence of force separately from claims about its justification; preserve the relevant interpreter's stated limits and link independent legal assessments.

1. What evidence establishes coercion, threats or armed force rather than metaphorical language? measurement
2. Which limits concerning affected people, agreements and cessation are asserted, and what evidence shows compliance or breach? provenance
3. Which related conflict or incident model must supply conduct and legal findings before assistance is considered? action

Activity continuity

Date the activity's commencement, changes and cessation while distinguishing a bounded episode from an ongoing personal commitment.

1. What dated evidence shows that this jihad-described activity is proposed, ongoing, paused or concluded? measurement
2. Does a change in means or purpose continue the same activity, create a new episode or invalidate the previous classification? boundary

Claimed and observed outcomes

Keep reported spiritual benefit, observable practical effects and consequences for others distinct.

1. Which outcomes are participants' spiritual assessments, and which have independently observable evidence? measurement
2. What benefits, harms or dissent do affected people report, and where does their account differ from participants' claims? provenance

Assistance boundary

Assess the requested action separately from the jihad label, preserving uncertainty and avoiding unsupported judgments about religious legitimacy.

1. Is the agent being asked to explain a term, document an activity, support a benign practice or facilitate coercion or violence? action
2. What evidence or qualified review is needed before the agent can responsibly perform the requested action? action
3. How should competing interpretations be presented without implying that a religious claim establishes factual truth or permission? action

Kinds and varieties

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Standards and regulation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of jihad this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance