Islamophobia
Let an agent describe Islamophobia neutrally as a documented form of prejudice and discrimination, relay definitions, data and legal protections from human rights bodies and researchers with attribution, present debates about the term with positions attributed, and route incidents to reporting and support services.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent describe Islamophobia neutrally as a documented form of prejudice and discrimination, relay definitions, data and legal protections from human rights bodies and researchers with attribution, present debates about the term with positions attributed, and route incidents to reporting and support services.
Prejudice, hostility, fear or discrimination directed at Muslims or at Islam as such, expressed in attitudes, speech, media portrayal, policy and violence; documented by human rights bodies and researchers, addressed by anti-discrimination law and the United Nations International Day to Combat Islamophobia on 15 March, and a term whose scope and use are themselves debated.
What it is for: Not applicable; a social phenomenon.
It can be explain definitions and forms with attribution; relay data from monitoring bodies; relay legal protections and reporting routes; present debates about the term neutrally.
Distinguishing features
Targets Muslims as a group or Islam as a religion
Ranges from attitudes to violence
Addressed by anti-discrimination and hate crime law
Contested definition and terminology
What it looks like
Not a visible object; seen in incidents, discourse and statistics.
How it is recognised
Prejudice or discrimination targeting Muslims or Islam
Documented by monitoring bodies and researchers
Criticism of religious ideas as such and other forms of bigotry are distinguished in the debate
Related models
is a kind of - a form of group prejudice
is a kind of - discrimination by religion
is addressed by - legal protection
is related to - its violent expression
In practice
Families and kinds
discriminatory attitudes and stereotypes
hate speech and media portrayal
hate crimes and attacks on people and mosques
discriminatory policy and profiling
gendered Islamophobia affecting Muslim women
movements and campaigns identified as Islamophobic by monitoring bodies
Standards and regulation
ICCPR and regional human rights conventions on non-discrimination
National anti-discrimination and hate crime law
UN General Assembly resolution establishing 15 March as the International Day to Combat Islamophobia
Media and platform standards on hate speech
Failure modes and hazards
Violence against people and places of worship
Discrimination in employment, housing and policing
Presenting contested definitions or events as settled
Conflating criticism of ideas with hostility to people, or the reverse, without attribution
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Define What the term covers.
Attribution.
Definition
Definitions.
Definition
Definition.
- How do human rights bodies, researchers and governments define Islamophobia, with attribution? provenance
- Is the user reporting an incident or threat, which must be routed to authorities and support services? boundary
Debate
Debates about the term.
Debate
Debate.
- What debates exist about the term and its scope, with positions attributed? provenance
- Is the presentation neutral and attributed? boundary
Document Data and forms.
Evidence.
Data
Monitoring data.
Data
Data.
- What do monitoring bodies report about incidents and discrimination, with sources and dates? measurement
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Forms
Forms.
Forms
Forms.
- What forms does Islamophobia take, from speech to violence and policy, as documented? provenance
- Which entry fits hate crime? action
Respond Law and support.
Protection.
Law
Legal protections.
Law
Law.
- What legal protections exist, and how can incidents be reported? provenance
- Is the user asking for legal advice on a case, which needs a lawyer? boundary
Support
Support and prevention.
Support
Support.
- What support services and prevention initiatives exist? provenance
- Which entry fits anti-discrimination services? action
Study Research and history.
Study.
Research
Research.
Research
Research.
- How do researchers study causes, media effects and impacts, with findings attributed? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
History
History.
History
History.
- How has the term and the phenomenon developed historically? provenance
- Which entry fits religious discrimination generally? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should gendered Islamophobia be a separate entry?
- How should monitoring data be linked by country?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific movements and conflicts; they should be reviewed and probably split off