smile
Let an agent explain smiles and their kinds, describe research on smiling and its meanings with attribution, support intercultural understanding, and describe smiles in art and culture.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain smiles and their kinds, describe research on smiling and its meanings with attribution, support intercultural understanding, and describe smiles in art and culture.
A facial expression formed by flexing the muscles at the sides of the mouth, often with the eyes, expressing pleasure, amusement, greeting or politeness, and sometimes other emotions, with forms such as the genuine Duchenne smile, social smiles, smiles with teeth and culturally specific depictions such as the archaic smile of Greek sculpture and the Baekje smile; smiles are studied in psychology and vary in meaning across cultures.
What it is for: A facial expression of pleasure or greeting.
It can be explain kinds of smile; describe research on smiling; support intercultural understanding; describe smiles in art.
Distinguishing features
Facial expression
Emotional and social
Genuine versus posed
Cultural variation
What it looks like
Upturned corners of the mouth, often with crinkled eyes.
How it is recognised
Mouth corners raised
Genuine or social
A grimace expresses pain or displeasure
Related models
is a kind of - category
is related to - non-verbal communication
is related to - amusement
is related to - smiling in portraits
In practice
Families and kinds
Duchenne or genuine smiles
social and polite smiles
smiles with teeth and closed-lip smiles
smiles conveying other emotions such as embarrassment
smiles in art such as the archaic smile
Standards and regulation
Research ethics for expression studies
No regulation of smiling
Failure modes and hazards
Misreading smiles across cultures
Overstating emotion detection from faces
Pressure to smile in service work
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What smiles are.
Science.
Kinds
Kinds of smile.
Kinds
Kinds.
- What are Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles, and which muscles produce them? definition
- What other emotions can smiles express? provenance
Research
Research on smiling.
Research
Research.
- What does psychology say about why people smile, how smiles are perceived and whether smiling affects mood? provenance
- How reliable is emotion detection from smiles, including by software? boundary
Culture Smiles across cultures.
Attribution.
Variation
Cultural variation.
Variation
Variation.
- How do the meanings and frequency of smiling vary across cultures, according to research? provenance
- Which misunderstandings arise in intercultural settings? provenance
Work
Smiling at work.
Work
Work.
- What is known about emotional labour and expectations to smile in service work? provenance
- Which entry fits emotional labour? action
Art Smiles in art and depiction.
Culture.
Art
Smiles in art.
Art
Art.
- What are the archaic smile, the Baekje smile and famous smiles in painting, and what do art historians say about them? provenance
- Which entry fits a specific artwork? action
Photo
Smiling in photographs.
Photo
Photographs.
- How did smiling in photographs become conventional, according to historians? provenance
- How do conventions differ by culture? provenance
Learn Development and teaching.
Education.
Development
Smiling in infants.
Development
Development.
- When and why do infants begin to smile, according to developmental research? provenance
- Is the user worried about a child development, which needs a professional? boundary
Teach
Teaching.
Teach
Teaching.
- How can facial expression and smiling be taught in psychology? action
- Which misconceptions arise? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Should facial expressions be a single entry?
- How should research be linked?
- How should cultural variation be documented?