smile
Let an agent explain smiles and their kinds, describe research on smiling and its meanings with attribution, support intercultural understanding, and describe smiles in art and culture.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What smiles are.
Kinds
Kinds of smile.
Kinds
Kinds.
- What are Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles, and which muscles produce them? definition
- What other emotions can smiles express? provenance
Research
Research on smiling.
Research
Research.
- What does psychology say about why people smile, how smiles are perceived and whether smiling affects mood? provenance
- How reliable is emotion detection from smiles, including by software? boundary
Culture Smiles across cultures.
Variation
Cultural variation.
Variation
Variation.
- How do the meanings and frequency of smiling vary across cultures, according to research? provenance
- Which misunderstandings arise in intercultural settings? provenance
Work
Smiling at work.
Work
Work.
- What is known about emotional labour and expectations to smile in service work? provenance
- Which entry fits emotional labour? action
Art Smiles in art and depiction.
Art
Smiles in art.
Art
Art.
- What are the archaic smile, the Baekje smile and famous smiles in painting, and what do art historians say about them? provenance
- Which entry fits a specific artwork? action
Photo
Smiling in photographs.
Photo
Photographs.
- How did smiling in photographs become conventional, according to historians? provenance
- How do conventions differ by culture? provenance
Learn Development and teaching.
Development
Smiling in infants.
Development
Development.
- When and why do infants begin to smile, according to developmental research? provenance
- Is the user worried about a child development, which needs a professional? boundary
Teach
Teaching.
Teach
Teaching.
- How can facial expression and smiling be taught in psychology? action
- Which misconceptions arise? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Activities and processes
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- ACT
- Domain
- ACT.PRC
- Other names and narrower kinds
- malevolent smile, Baekje smile, archaic smile, Duchenne smile, smiling with teeth
What it is Filled
A facial expression formed by flexing the muscles at the sides of the mouth, often with the eyes, expressing pleasure, amusement, greeting or politeness, and sometimes other emotions, with forms such as the genuine Duchenne smile, social smiles, smiles with teeth and culturally specific depictions such as the archaic smile of Greek sculpture and the Baekje smile; smiles are studied in psychology and vary in meaning across cultures.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain smiles and their kinds, describe research on smiling and its meanings with attribution, support intercultural understanding, and describe smiles in art and culture.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Facial expression
- Emotional and social
- Genuine versus posed
- Cultural variation
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Infer a person's true emotions, honesty or intentions from a smile as if it were proof.
- Use smile detection to judge job candidates, students or suspects.
- Pressure workers or users to smile or score them on smiling.
- Record or analyse people's faces for smiles without their consent.
Only with a human decision
- Using automated expression analysis in any decision about a person.
May
- Describe the smile, its forms and cultural meanings from research sources.
- Respond to a user's smile in a friendly way when operating as a social robot or avatar.
Moral aspects Filled
- Smiles mean different things across cultures and individuals; reading them wrongly can wrong people.
- Emotion recognition from faces is scientifically contested and invasive.
Who is affected
- People whose faces are analysed
- Service workers expected to smile
- Neurodivergent people
Owners Filled
Steward
Nobody: a human expression belonging to the person who makes it.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q124957980 - registry parent class
related
- smiling or laughing - category
- gesture - non-verbal communication
- comedy - amusement
- photograph - smiling in portraits
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.smile
- Wikidata: Q487 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487)
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
Not applicable
Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- Mouth corners raised
- Genuine or social
- A grimace expresses pain or displeasure
- Upturned corners of the mouth, often with crinkled eyes.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain kinds of smile
- describe research on smiling
- support intercultural understanding
- describe smiles in art
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Misreading smiles across cultures
- Overstating emotion detection from faces
- Pressure to smile in service work
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Research ethics for expression studies
- No regulation of smiling
Context of use required Filled
- A facial expression of pleasure or greeting.
- Duchenne or genuine smiles
- social and polite smiles
- smiles with teeth and closed-lip smiles
- smiles conveying other emotions such as embarrassment
- smiles in art such as the archaic smile
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q487: smile - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Smile - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should facial expressions be a single entry?
- How should research be linked?
- How should cultural variation be documented?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q487/spec.json