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Punjabi

vr.tr.punjabi · thing-q58635

Let an agent explain the Punjabi language and its dialects and scripts, relay phonology, grammar and history from linguistic sources with attribution, describe its status in Pakistan and India and the diaspora, and distinguish Punjabi from Hindi, Urdu and neighbouring languages and from the Punjabi people.

Thing Registry Information and virtual systems INF.MED
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Understand What Punjabi is.

Definition

Definition and classification.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is Punjabi, how is it classified, and how does it differ from Hindi, Urdu and Saraiki? definition
  2. Is the question about the language, a dialect, a script, the people or a policy dispute? boundary

Dialects

Dialects.

Dialects

Dialects.

  1. How do Majhi, Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli and other dialects differ, and what is the standard based on? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific dialect? action
Learn Features and learning.

Features

Phonology and grammar.

Features

Features.

  1. What are the tones, sounds and grammar of Punjabi? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Resources

Learning resources.

Resources

Resources.

  1. What dictionaries, courses and corpora exist for Punjabi in both scripts? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Scripts Scripts and literature.

Scripts

Scripts.

Scripts

Scripts.

  1. How do Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi work, and how did the script divide arise, as historians describe? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Gurmukhi? action

Literature

Literature.

Literature

Literature.

  1. What are the Sufi, Sikh and modern literary traditions of Punjabi, from Old Punjabi onward? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Punjabi literature? action
Context Status and diaspora.

Status

Status.

Status

Status.

  1. What is the status of Punjabi in India and Pakistan, and what debates surround it, with positions attributed? provenance
  2. Is the presentation neutral? boundary

Diaspora

Diaspora.

Diaspora

Diaspora.

  1. How is Punjabi maintained in the diaspora in the UK, Canada and elsewhere? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Punjabi diaspora? action

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Information and virtual systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
INF
Domain
INF.MED
Other names and narrower kinds
Punjabi in India, Charhdi, Old Punjabi, Baar di boli, Pre-Punjabi, Lehndi, Depalpur Punjabi, Central Punjabi, permanent residency in Canada, Bahawalpuri, Lubanki, baahar di boli

What it is Filled

An Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab region spoken by over 100 million people in Pakistan and India and by a large diaspora, written in the Shahmukhi script in Pakistan and the Gurmukhi script in India, with dialects including Majhi, the basis of the standard, the western Lahnda or Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli and others, a history from Old Punjabi through the Sikh scriptures to modern literature, and a tonal system unusual among Indo-Aryan languages; Punjabi is an official language of Indian Punjab and, though the most spoken language in Pakistan, has limited official status there.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent explain the Punjabi language and its dialects and scripts, relay phonology, grammar and history from linguistic sources with attribution, describe its status in Pakistan and India and the diaspora, and distinguish Punjabi from Hindi, Urdu and neighbouring languages and from the Punjabi people.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Tonal Indo-Aryan
  • Two scripts
  • Cross-border language
  • Rich literary tradition

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Treat Punjabi as a dialect of Hindi or Urdu.
  • Take sides in political disputes over script or dialect status.
  • Conflate the language with any one religion or nationality.
  • Present machine translation as certified.

Only with a human decision

  • Certified translation for legal, medical or immigration use.

May

  • Describe Punjabi, its scripts and dialects from linguistic sources.
  • Translate between Punjabi and other languages, naming the script used.
  • Present Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi as equal scripts of one language.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Language status is tied to identity and politics in both Punjabs.
  • Diaspora speakers need accurate services in their own language.

Who is affected

  • Punjabi speakers
  • Diaspora communities
  • Learners

Owners Filled

Steward

The public: held in common by its speakers.

Master systems

  • Language code registries

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q2656685 - registry parent class

related

  • Punjabi dialects and languages - in registry terms
  • Indo-Aryan languages - northwestern group
  • Gurmukhi - in India
  • Shahmukhi - in Pakistan

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.punjabi
  • Wikidata: Q58635 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635)
  • ISO 639-1: pa Punjabi
  • ISO 639-3: pan Punjabi
  • Glottolog: panj1256 Eastern Panjabi

Direct properties not applicable Not applicable

  • speakers: over 100 million - estimates
  • tones: 3 count - in most analyses
  • scripts: Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi list
  • official in Indian Punjab: yes note - scheduled language of India

Plane INF: no invented physical properties.

Recognition optional Filled

  • Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab
  • Majhi standard, Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli, Old Punjabi, Punjabi in India
  • Hindi and Urdu are related but distinct; Saraiki is often treated as separate; the Punjabi people are the ethnic group
  • Not a visible object; speech and text in Shahmukhi or Gurmukhi.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • explain dialects and scripts
  • relay features and history
  • describe status
  • distinguish from related languages

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Confusing Punjabi with Hindi or Urdu
  • Political framing of script and dialect status
  • Conflating the language with the people

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution
  • Provincial language policy in Pakistani Punjab, which is debated
  • ISO 639 codes

Context of use required Filled

  • Not applicable; a language.
  • Majhi and other eastern dialects
  • Lehndi or western varieties
  • Baar di boli and regional dialects
  • Old Punjabi and pre-Punjabi stages
  • Punjabi in India and Punjabi in Pakistan
  • diaspora Punjabi

Sources Filled

  1. Wikidata item Q58635: Punjabi - identity and sense of the item
  2. Wikipedia: Punjabi language - general description of the item

Open questions

  • Should Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi and Lahnda be separate primary entries?
  • How should linguistic sources be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects and stages; should they be split off?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q58635/spec.json