heroin
Enable an AI agent to identify heroin as a substance, assess the evidence about a particular sample, and determine which handling, testing or disposition actions require authorization.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to identify heroin as a substance, assess the evidence about a particular sample, and determine which handling, testing or disposition actions require authorization.
Heroin, also called diamorphine or diacetylmorphine, is a semisynthetic opioid formed by acetylating morphine's two hydroxyl groups, whose effects arise substantially through conversion to active metabolites including 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine.
It can be Compare declared identity with analytical evidence and flag unresolved discrepancies.; Request qualified testing that distinguishes heroin from related compounds and assesses relevant co-occurring substances.; Determine whether composition results apply only to a tested portion or support a broader material claim.; Flag material for restricted handling when identity, composition, containment or authorization is unresolved.; Route storage, transfer, testing and disposal decisions to authorized personnel using applicable documented requirements..
Distinguishing features
Chemical identification must establish diacetylmorphine rather than infer heroin from a generic opioid-positive result.
Analytical evidence must distinguish heroin from morphine, monoacetylmorphine and other related compounds; detecting a related compound alone does not establish that heroin is present.
A material marketed as heroin is distinguished from confirmed heroin by its analytical evidence, not its name, appearance or seller's claim.
Free-base, salt and hydrated forms must be identified before comparing reported concentrations or substance masses.
A regulated diamorphine medicine and an unverified material sold as heroin may refer to the same active substance while differing in formulation, traceability and quality evidence.
Scope
+ Chemical identity of heroin and its distinction from related opioids
+ Free-base and salt forms, with explicit reporting conventions
+ Composition and analytical identification of heroin-containing materials
+ Physical condition, packaging and evidence of contamination or degradation
+ Sample-specific hazards and jurisdiction-dependent handling constraints
- Synthesis, illicit manufacture or methods for increasing potency
- Dosing, administration techniques and treatment protocols
- Opioid use disorder and individual patient or exposure records
- Complete pharmaceutical product specifications and prescribing workflows
- Trafficking networks, criminal investigations and drug-market economics
Characteristics
- Identity evidence
- claimed | presumptively indicated | analytically confirmed | inconclusive | not detected within stated method limits Prevents an allegation, screening result or negative result from being treated as definitive chemical identification.
- Chemical form
- free base | identified salt with hydration state | unresolved Chemical form affects how identity and quantitative results should be interpreted.
- Heroin content
- % mass fraction, mg/g or mg/mL, with analyte basis, uncertainty and method Separates measured heroin content from total material mass and makes comparisons interpretable.
- Co-occurring substances
- identified substances linked to results, detection limits and tested analytical scope Records other opioids, adulterants, excipients and impurities without treating untested substances as absent.
- Physical presentation
- powder | solid mass | solution | other documented presentation Supports sampling and containment decisions without using appearance as proof of identity.
- Material condition
- documented observations of moisture, seal integrity, visible contamination and analytical change; unknown where unassessed Separates observed condition from unsupported claims of stability, sterility or fitness for use.
- Sample representativeness
- supported by sampling evidence | limited to tested portion | unknown Prevents one analytical result from being generalized to heterogeneous material.
- Traceability
- links to source records, product or lot identifiers, sample identifiers and custody events Connects identity and composition claims to the material actually assessed.
- Applicable control status
- jurisdiction, effective date, legal classification and activity-specific authorization Handling permissions depend on location, time, actor and proposed activity.
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.heroin
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 19 findings · 29 questions.
Heroin identity Establishes which chemical substance and form the entry represents.
Heroin, diamorphine, related metabolites and materials sold under the heroin label must not be conflated.
Chemical boundary
Defines the chemical referent independently of market terminology.
Diacetylmorphine referent
The identity record should resolve the heroin name to diacetylmorphine and explicitly distinguish related compounds.
- Which authoritative chemical record establishes the identifiers and synonym relationship for heroin, diamorphine and diacetylmorphine? definition
- What evidence distinguishes the identified substance from morphine, monoacetylmorphine or another opioid? boundary
Chemical form and label
Separates chemical form from product and market descriptions.
Form-specific identity
A salt designation, pharmaceutical label or illicit-market name carries different identity claims that require separate evidence.
- Is the material identified as heroin free base, a specified salt or an unresolved form? definition
- Does the name describe an analytically identified substance, a documented medicine or merely a claim about the material? provenance
Composition and detection Captures what testing establishes about heroin content and other constituents.
The heroin label alone cannot establish content, homogeneity or the absence of additional substances.
Analytical identification
Records the specificity and limits of evidence used to identify heroin.
Method-bounded confirmation
Identification conclusions should retain the method, reference evidence and limitations that support them.
- Which analytical method and reference material support identifying heroin in this sample? provenance
- Can the method distinguish heroin from relevant related compounds, and what detection limits or interferences apply? measurement
Content and mixtures
Makes heroin quantity and accompanying substances interpretable.
Composition with explicit basis
Quantitative results should specify their chemical basis and distinguish detected constituents from substances outside the test scope.
- What heroin content was measured, with which units, uncertainty and free-base or salt reporting basis? measurement
- Which additional opioids, adulterants, excipients or impurities were tested for, detected or left unassessed? measurement
Material condition and sampling Connects the assessed material's condition to the reach of analytical conclusions.
Changes in the material and differences between portions can invalidate assumptions about heroin content.
Condition and change
Tracks observations and evidence of chemical or physical change.
Condition evidence
Storage history and observations should be recorded separately from analytically established degradation or contamination.
- What packaging, storage history, moisture exposure and visible condition are documented for this material? provenance
- What analytical evidence supports degradation or contamination, and can it distinguish change over time from the original composition? measurement
Sampling reach
Defines which portion, package or lot an analytical result can describe.
Representative heroin content
A tested portion should not automatically establish the composition of every portion in a heroin-containing mixture.
- Which portion or package was sampled, and what sampling record connects it to the material under assessment? provenance
- What evidence supports extending its heroin and co-occurring-substance results to the remaining material? boundary
Hazards and action boundaries Organizes evidence needed for safe decisions about heroin-containing material.
Chemical identity, uncertain composition and material presentation require distinct assessments before handling decisions.
Hazard evidence
Links hazard assessments to heroin, its form and confirmed or unresolved mixture constituents.
Substance and mixture hazards
Hazard records should cite applicable evidence and retain uncertainty about uncharacterized constituents.
- Which authoritative hazard references apply to the identified heroin form and detected co-occurring substances? provenance
- Which composition uncertainties prevent a sufficiently supported assessment of the proposed handling activity? boundary
Qualified handling decisions
Connects proposed activities to qualified procedures and escalation routes.
Handling and escalation
The model should support referral to applicable procedures without supplying dosing or administration instructions.
- Which approved procedure governs containment, laboratory examination or disposal of this heroin-containing material? action
- What evidence of compromised containment or suspected exposure requires stopping the activity and invoking the relevant emergency procedure? action
Provenance and control Separates material traceability, regulated-product claims and legal permissions.
Heroin's chemical identity does not establish pharmaceutical quality or permission to possess, transfer or use it.
Origin and product status
Evaluates the evidence behind origin and pharmaceutical-product claims.
Traceable diamorphine material
Product and custody records should establish which claims attach to the material and which remain unverified.
- Which supplier, manufacturer, lot and custody records connect the material to its claimed origin? provenance
- If pharmaceutical status is claimed, which product authorization and quality records support that claim for this specific material? provenance
Jurisdiction and permissions
Determines the current rules for the specific material and proposed activity.
Activity-specific control
Legal classification and authorization should be tied to a jurisdiction, effective date, actor and activity.
- Which current legal source classifies heroin or diamorphine in the relevant jurisdiction, including applicable preparations or exceptions? provenance
- What authorization and records are required for the proposed possession, testing, transfer or disposal? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This entry covers the chemical substance and explicitly labelled preparations or illicit mixtures; it does not equate street products with pure diacetylmorphine.
- Regulatory classifications and permitted medical uses are recalled without source consultation and should be checked against current jurisdiction-specific rules.
- No typical illicit purity or dose range is supplied because composition, exposure and tolerance vary substantially.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Heroin free base
- Diamorphine hydrochloride
- Pharmaceutical diamorphine preparations
- Illicit powder heroin, with variable composition
- Black tar heroin, an illicit mixture containing diacetylmorphine and related compounds
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- CAS Registry Number - 561-27-3 - Identifies diacetylmorphine free base; salts and hydrates can have separate identifiers.
- Molecular formula - C21H23NO5 - Formula of the free base; this is a composition descriptor rather than a unique substance identifier.
- International Nonproprietary Name - diamorphine - Medicinal name for the substance commonly called heroin.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961: heroin is listed in Schedules I and IV.
- United States Controlled Substances Act, administered by the Drug Enforcement Administration: heroin is a Schedule I controlled substance.
- United Kingdom Misuse of Drugs Act 1971: diamorphine is a Class A controlled drug; the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 place it in Schedule 2, permitting regulated medical use.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Prescription analgesia in some jurisdictions, including treatment of severe pain and palliative care.
- Supervised diamorphine treatment for selected people with opioid dependence in some jurisdictions.
- Nonmedical consumption for opioid effects, including euphoria.
- Analytical reference material in forensic and toxicological laboratories.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Molar mass of diacetylmorphine free base - 369.41 - g/mol
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Respiratory depression can cause fatal overdose, particularly with other respiratory depressants such as alcohol or benzodiazepines.
- Repeated exposure can produce tolerance, physical dependence and opioid use disorder; reduced tolerance after abstinence increases overdose risk.
- Uncertain potency and adulteration, including contamination with potent synthetic opioids, make illicit products unpredictable.
- Injection can cause tissue injury and bacterial infections; shared equipment can transmit blood-borne infections.
- Sedation, impaired consciousness, nausea and constipation are characteristic opioid adverse effects.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Diamorphine has regulated medical uses in some countries, whereas the United States does not recognize an accepted medical use for heroin under its federal scheduling system.
- Illicit products differ geographically in salt form, appearance, purity and adulterants; appearance does not reliably establish composition.
- Access to supervised diamorphine treatment varies substantially between jurisdictions.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Morphine - Morphine has two unacetylated hydroxyl groups; heroin is its diacetyl derivative.
- 6-Monoacetylmorphine - This active heroin metabolite retains one acetyl group rather than heroin's two.
- Opium - Opium is a poppy-derived mixture containing naturally occurring alkaloids; heroin is a chemically modified derivative of morphine.
- Fentanyl - Fentanyl is a structurally distinct synthetic opioid, not a morphine derivative or a variety of heroin.
- Opioid use disorder - This is a clinical condition involving problematic opioid use, not the chemical substance.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of heroin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does an existing Vercy substance or world model already own diamorphine, requiring this registry entry to link to it?
- Which authoritative chemical references and analytical standards should govern identification of heroin, its salts and related compounds?
- Which sampling and testing evidence is sufficient to characterize heterogeneous materials represented as heroin?
- Which form-specific stability and contamination references support condition assessments without importing pharmaceutical assumptions into unverified mixtures?
- Which jurisdictions and authorized activities must the initial model support, and how will their legal sources be kept current?