prolactin
Enable an AI agent to recognise prolactin, assess its molecular and measured state, and determine which analytical, handling or interpretive actions the available evidence supports.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
Researched by: Codex + Grok
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to recognise prolactin, assess its molecular and measured state, and determine which analytical, handling or interpretive actions the available evidence supports.
Prolactin is a 199-residue anterior-pituitary peptide hormone (human PRL, UniProt P01236) whose circulating monomeric form acts via the prolactin receptor-JAK2/STAT5 axis to drive mammary lactogenesis and modulate reproduction and immunity.
It can be Resolve a prolactin mention or preparation to its species, protein identity and molecular form.; Request or interpret a prolactin measurement with its specimen, calibration and collection context attached.; Flag results needing laboratory review for molecular-form effects, interference or dilution checks.; Compare repeated prolactin observations when assay and physiological contexts support comparison.; Select, aliquot, store or use a prolactin preparation according to documented stability and activity requirements.; Route unresolved findings to the appropriate laboratory, organism or clinical model with the supporting evidence..
Distinguishing features
Require a species-linked protein identity: human prolactin maps to UniProt P01236; a PRL gene record or PRLR receptor record does not identify the hormone substance. [UniProt](https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01236)
Distinguish prolactin from growth hormone and placental lactogens using sequence identity or demonstrated analytical specificity; a shared biological response alone is insufficient.
Distinguish monomeric prolactin from prolactin-containing complexes using molecular-form evidence rather than treating total immunoreactivity as proof of monomer abundance.
Distinguish the prolactin substance from a concentration result, hyperprolactinaemia or a prolactinoma: those describe an observation, a physiological state and a lesion respectively.
Scope
+ Species-specific prolactin protein identity and distinction from its encoding gene and receptor.
+ Mature, precursor, modified, aggregated and complexed prolactin forms.
+ Endogenous production, biological compartment and physiological context.
+ Prolactin concentration, biological activity and analytical reliability.
+ Isolated or recombinant prolactin preparation quality and fitness for intended use.
- PRL gene organisation, inheritance and transcriptional regulation as standalone genetic models.
- Prolactin receptor structure and complete downstream signalling networks.
- Pituitary anatomy, tumour classification and prolactinoma management.
- Patient diagnosis, prescribing and treatment protocols.
- Whole lactation, reproductive or endocrine-system models.
- General specimen logistics and laboratory instrument operation.
Characteristics
- Species and protein identity
- Organism, protein accession and sequence version Prevents human-specific identity, assays or interpretation from being applied automatically to another species.
- Molecular form
- Precursor, mature monomer, modified form, fragment, aggregate, complex, mixed or unresolved Different forms require separate evidence for detection and biological activity.
- Production origin and compartment
- Producing tissue or expression system; circulation, tissue, culture medium or purified preparation Connects the material to the context in which its amount and effects can be interpreted.
- Measured concentration
- ng/mL, µg/L or mIU/L, with analyte definition, method and calibration Makes abundance interpretable without assuming a universal conversion between mass and activity-based units.
- Monomeric prolactin estimate
- Concentration and recovery percentage with separation procedure and method-specific interpretation Keeps total prolactin results separate from estimates obtained after removing larger molecular forms.
- Biological activity
- Assay-defined response, potency or specific activity with receptor system and reference material Prevents antibody recognition from being treated as sufficient evidence of functional activity.
- Sampling context
- Collection time linked to sleep, pregnancy, lactation, stimulation, stress and relevant exposures Allows an agent to assess whether observations were obtained under comparable conditions.
- Analytical validity
- Supported, provisional, interference suspected, outside measuring range or unresolved Controls whether a result supports interpretation or needs laboratory clarification.
- Preparation fitness
- Fit for specified use, restricted, degraded, expired or unassessed Connects identity, purity, activity and storage evidence to a particular experimental use.
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.prolactin
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 11 findings · 22 questions.
Prolactin identity and forms Establish which prolactin substance is represented and which molecular forms it contains.
A hormone name alone does not establish species, sequence, processing state or complex composition.
Species and sequence
Anchor prolactin identity to the organism and protein product.
Protein identity evidence
Record evidence identifying the prolactin protein independently of gene names or functional resemblance.
- Which organism, protein accession and sequence identify this prolactin? definition
- What evidence distinguishes it from growth hormone, placental lactogens and other related proteins? boundary
Processing and complexes
Separate protein processing and modification from aggregation or binding to other molecules.
Molecular-form assignment
Record mature or precursor status and evidence for modified, fragmented, aggregated or complexed prolactin.
- Which molecular forms are demonstrated, and which remain unresolved? definition
- What separation or characterisation method supports the distinction between monomeric prolactin and larger prolactin-containing forms? measurement
Prolactin biological context Locate prolactin production and observation within an organism and physiological timeline.
An observed amount cannot be judged without its biological compartment and collection context.
Production and compartment
Distinguish the place of measurement from the demonstrated source of production.
Origin and location
Record whether the material is endogenous or produced experimentally, and where it was observed.
- Was this prolactin produced endogenously, isolated from biological material or expressed recombinantly? provenance
- Which tissue or expression system produced it, and is that origin demonstrated or inferred from its measurement compartment? provenance
Physiological timing
Connect each observation to relevant physiological states and recent events.
Collection context
Record the temporal and physiological circumstances needed to compare prolactin observations.
- What were the pregnancy or lactation state, sleep timing, recent stimulation and stress context at collection? measurement
- Which medications, interventions or linked organism conditions could affect interpretation, and when did they occur? provenance
Prolactin measurement validity Define what a prolactin result measures and whether the analytical evidence supports its use.
Reported immunoreactivity, monomeric concentration and functional activity are different observations.
Analyte and calibration
Specify the result's molecular target, specimen matrix, units and reference framework.
Result definition
Attach the measurement procedure and applicable reference interval to the numerical result.
- Does the result represent total immunoreactive prolactin, a post-separation estimate or another explicitly defined analyte? definition
- Which specimen matrix, assay, calibrator, units and population-specific reference interval accompany the result? measurement
Interference and resolution
Capture analytical discrepancies and the checks used to investigate them.
Analytical discrepancy
Record unresolved molecular-form or assay effects. High-dose hook effects have produced falsely low prolactin results in immunoradiometric assays. [Primary study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8729527/)
- What evidence raises or resolves concern about macroprolactin, high-dose hook effect or platform-specific interference? measurement
- Which laboratory-validated dilution, separation or alternative-method check is appropriate before this result is used? action
Prolactin activity and state Assess functional evidence and contextual changes without converting a hormone observation into a disease diagnosis.
An agent must distinguish measured abundance, demonstrated activity and interpretation within a particular organism.
Functional response
Link prolactin material to an explicitly defined biological assay or response.
Activity evidence
Record the strength and limits of evidence that the identified material produces a prolactin-associated response.
- Which receptor system, species, endpoint and reference preparation define the activity measurement? measurement
- What controls support attribution of the response to prolactin rather than another component of the sample? boundary
Contextual state and trend
Interpret individual observations and changes using explicit comparability criteria.
State assessment
Record whether the observation is interpretable relative to an applicable reference and whether repeated results establish a change.
- Is this result below, within or above the applicable reference interval, or currently uninterpretable? measurement
- Do serial results use sufficiently comparable assays, molecular-form definitions and collection conditions to support a trend? boundary
- What unresolved evidence requires laboratory or clinical review before a consequential decision? action
Prolactin preparation and use Determine whether isolated or recombinant prolactin material is suitable for a specified application.
Protein identity alone does not establish that a prolactin preparation has suitable purity, activity or stability.
Preparation qualification
Characterise the supplied material and the evidence supporting its intended role.
Material suitability
Record production-specific features and qualification evidence relevant to a standard, assay reagent or biological experiment.
- Which expression host, sequence changes, tags, formulation and lot identify this preparation? provenance
- What identity, purity, aggregation, contaminant and activity evidence supports its intended application? measurement
Stability and permitted use
Connect handling history and current condition to documented use requirements.
Handling and use decision
Determine whether the preparation can be used as supplied or requires further qualification.
- What documented temperature, formulation, reconstitution, storage-duration and freeze-thaw limits apply to this prolactin preparation? provenance
- Does its handling history support the planned use, or is requalification, replacement or restricted use required? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Kinds and varieties
Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.
- monomeric (little) prolactin
- big prolactin
- macroprolactin (big-big prolactin)
- glycosylated prolactin
- pituitary prolactin
- extra-pituitary (decidual/lymphocyte) prolactin
- recombinant human prolactin
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of prolactin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does the registry intend prolactin across species, and which species-specific identity and physiology extensions are required?
- Which prolactin-derived fragments and complexes should remain forms within this entry, and which should link to separately registered substances?
- Which assay-specific calibrations, reference intervals and macroprolactin procedures should be supported in the intended deployment?
- What evidence is sufficient to relate immunoreactive concentration to biological activity for each molecular form and specimen context?
- Which preparation-specific stability evidence and review responsibilities are required before an agent can authorise experimental use or escalate a clinical observation?