scandium
Let an agent identify scandium and its properties, relay occurrence, production, uses and supply issues from reference sources, and distinguish it from other rare earths and from yttrium.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent identify scandium and its properties, relay occurrence, production, uses and supply issues from reference sources, and distinguish it from other rare earths and from yttrium.
A chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21, a soft silvery transition metal classified with the rare earth elements, occurring in trace amounts in many minerals and recovered mainly as a by-product of uranium, titanium and aluminium processing, used in small amounts in aluminium-scandium alloys for aerospace and sports equipment, in solid oxide fuel cells and in high-intensity lamps; scandium has one stable isotope, scandium-45, with radioactive isotopes from scandium-36 upward, and its supply is small and expensive.
What it is for: Alloys, fuel cells and lighting.
It can be relay properties and isotopes; explain occurrence and production; relay uses and supply; distinguish from related elements.
Distinguishing features
Light rare earth
Single stable isotope
By-product production
Small costly supply
What it looks like
A silvery white metal that develops a yellowish or pinkish cast in air.
Physical character
atomic number: 21 Z
standard atomic weight: 44.956 u
density: 2.985 g/cm3
melting point: 1541 degrees C
How it is recognised
Element 21, symbol Sc
Light rare earth metal of aluminium alloys
Yttrium is the heavier group member; titanium is the neighbouring element
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is used in - the main metal use
is adjacent to - element 22
In practice
Families and kinds
scandium metal
scandium compounds such as the oxide and fluoride
scandium-45 as the stable isotope and radioactive isotopes such as scandium-46
aluminium-scandium alloys
scandium in fuel cells and lamps
Identifiers
symbol Sc
CAS 7440-20-2
Standards and regulation
Critical raw material listings
Chemical safety data sheets
Aerospace material specifications for alloys
Failure modes and hazards
Supply scarcity and price
Confusing with yttrium and lanthanides
Radioactive isotope handling in research
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.scandium
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Identify What scandium is.
Identity.
Properties
Properties.
Properties
Properties.
- What are the physical and chemical properties of scandium? definition
- Is the question about scandium or a neighbouring element? boundary
Isotopes
Isotopes.
Isotopes
Isotopes.
- Which isotopes exist, and how are radioactive ones used? definition
- Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Source Occurrence and production.
Supply.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
- Where does scandium occur, and how is it recovered as a by-product? provenance
- Which entry fits thortveitite? action
Supply
Supply.
Supply
Supply.
- Who produces scandium, and why is supply small and costly, with sources? measurement
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Use Uses.
Application.
Alloys
Alloys.
Alloys
Alloys.
- How does scandium strengthen aluminium alloys, and where are they used? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Other
Fuel cells and lamps.
Other
Other.
- How is scandium used in solid oxide fuel cells and metal halide lamps? provenance
- Which entry fits solid oxide fuel cell? action
Context History and outlook.
Context.
Discovery
Discovery.
Discovery
Discovery.
- How was scandium predicted by Mendeleev and discovered by Nilson in 1879? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of the periodic table? action
Outlook
Supply outlook.
Outlook
Outlook.
- What new sources and projects are reported for scandium supply? provenance
- Is the presentation attributed? boundary
What the second pass must settle
- Should aluminium-scandium alloy be a separate entry?
- How should supply data be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming short-lived isotopes; should they be split off?