scandium
Let an agent identify scandium and its properties, relay occurrence, production, uses and supply issues from reference sources, and distinguish it from other rare earths and from yttrium.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Identify What scandium is.
Properties
Properties.
Properties
Properties.
- What are the physical and chemical properties of scandium? definition
- Is the question about scandium or a neighbouring element? boundary
Isotopes
Isotopes.
Isotopes
Isotopes.
- Which isotopes exist, and how are radioactive ones used? definition
- Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Source Occurrence and production.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
- Where does scandium occur, and how is it recovered as a by-product? provenance
- Which entry fits thortveitite? action
Supply
Supply.
Supply
Supply.
- Who produces scandium, and why is supply small and costly, with sources? measurement
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Use Uses.
Alloys
Alloys.
Alloys
Alloys.
- How does scandium strengthen aluminium alloys, and where are they used? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Other
Fuel cells and lamps.
Other
Other.
- How is scandium used in solid oxide fuel cells and metal halide lamps? provenance
- Which entry fits solid oxide fuel cell? action
Context History and outlook.
Discovery
Discovery.
Discovery
Discovery.
- How was scandium predicted by Mendeleev and discovered by Nilson in 1879? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of the periodic table? action
Outlook
Supply outlook.
Outlook
Outlook.
- What new sources and projects are reported for scandium supply? provenance
- Is the presentation attributed? boundary
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.MAT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- scandium-36, scandium-37, scandium-38, scandium-39, scandium-40, scandium-41, scandium-42, scandium-43, scandium-44, scandium-48, scandium-49, scandium-50
What it is Filled
A chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21, a soft silvery transition metal classified with the rare earth elements, occurring in trace amounts in many minerals and recovered mainly as a by-product of uranium, titanium and aluminium processing, used in small amounts in aluminium-scandium alloys for aerospace and sports equipment, in solid oxide fuel cells and in high-intensity lamps; scandium has one stable isotope, scandium-45, and multiple radioactive isotopes, and its supply is small and expensive.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent identify scandium and its properties, relay occurrence, production, uses and supply issues from reference sources, and distinguish it from other rare earths and from yttrium.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Light rare earth
- Single stable isotope
- By-product production
- Small costly supply
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Misstate the origin of scandium recovered as a by-product to hide its supply chain.
- Advise handling scandium powders without proper protection and ventilation.
- Present speculative supply forecasts for a thinly traded metal as firm.
- Dispose of processing residues from uranium or titanium streams against waste rules.
Only with a human decision
- Approving procurement from a source flagged for radiological or environmental concern.
May
- Explain scandium's properties and its use in alloys and lighting.
- Report production and price figures with their source and year.
Moral aspects Filled
- Recovery streams can carry radioactive residues that affect workers and neighbours.
- Thin markets make price and supply claims easy to manipulate.
Who is affected
- Processing workers
- Communities near processing plants
- Buyers relying on supply forecasts
Owners Filled
Steward
The holder of each stock; mining and processing rights are granted by the state.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q190444 - registry parent class
- Q428766 - registry parent class
related
- rare earth element - in registry terms
- light metal - in registry terms
- aluminium-scandium alloy - the main metal use
- titanium - element 22
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.scandium
- Wikidata: Q713 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713)
- symbol: Sc
- CAS: 7440-20-2
Direct properties required Filled
- atomic number: 21 Z
- standard atomic weight: 44.956 u
- density: 2.985 g/cm3
- melting point: 1541 degrees C
Recognition required Filled
- Element 21, symbol Sc
- Light rare earth metal of aluminium alloys
- Yttrium is the heavier group member; titanium is the neighbouring element
- A silvery white metal that develops a yellowish or pinkish cast in air.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- relay properties and isotopes
- explain occurrence and production
- relay uses and supply
- distinguish from related elements
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Supply scarcity and price
- Confusing with yttrium and lanthanides
- Radioactive isotope handling in research
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Critical raw material listings
- Chemical safety data sheets
- Aerospace material specifications for alloys
Context of use required Filled
- Alloys, fuel cells and lighting.
- scandium metal
- scandium compounds such as the oxide and fluoride
- scandium-45 as the stable isotope and radioactive isotopes such as scandium-46
- aluminium-scandium alloys
- scandium in fuel cells and lamps
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q713: scandium - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Scandium - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should aluminium-scandium alloy be a separate entry?
- How should supply data be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming short-lived isotopes; should they be split off?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q713/spec.json