Jumada II

Second Jumada name equivalence

Jumada al-Thani is also called Jumada al-Akhirah. Preserve the encountered label and the evidence supporting its interpretation as Jumada II. [Islamic Relief UK](https://www.islamic-relief.org.uk/resources/islamic-calendar/jumada-al-thani/)

1. Does the source explicitly identify the second Jumada month through its qualifier or an attested equivalent name? definition
2. Which language-specific source supports resolving this spelling or abbreviation to Jumada II? provenance

Jumada II sequence check

Jumada II occupies the sixth position in the Islamic calendar. Record ordinal and neighbouring-month evidence to detect contradictory labels. [Islamic Relief UK](https://www.islamic-relief.org.uk/resources/islamic-calendar/jumada-al-thani/)

1. Does the record identify month six of the Islamic Hijri calendar rather than another calendar's sixth month? definition
2. Does the surrounding sequence place the referent after Jumada I and before Rajab, or expose an identification conflict? boundary

Occurrence identification

An actionable occurrence reference should include the Hijri year and the calendar convention used to interpret that year's Jumada II.

1. Which Hijri year qualifies this Jumada II reference, and is that year explicit or inferred? definition
2. Which provider, authority or documented convention supplies the occurrence's calendar dates? provenance

Supported day range

Jumada II has 29 or 30 days; its supported day range must follow the selected calendar implementation rather than an assumed universal duration. [HijriConv](https://hijriconv.app/months/jumada-al-thani/)

1. What evidence establishes the first day of this Jumada II occurrence and the first day of the following Rajab? boundary
2. Does the selected convention support a day 30 for this occurrence? measurement
3. What day-boundary rule applies when these calendar dates must be interpreted as instants? boundary

Conversion evidence

Treat a converted date as a claim about a specified day, year and convention, with locality and time zone included whenever relevant to the requested precision.

1. Which day and Hijri year of Jumada II are being converted, and to which target calendar? measurement
2. Which conversion source and applicable locality support the result? provenance
3. Does the task require a calendar date, an interval or an exact instant? boundary

Boundary claim status

Preserve each competing determination of Jumada II's boundaries with its issuer, applicability and status; do not silently replace a locally relevant determination with another provider's dates.

1. Are the competing Jumada II dates predictions, published determinations, corrections or claims for different jurisdictions? provenance
2. Which determination governs the intended use, and what remains unresolved if none has been selected? action

Association is not month identity

Record an asserted anniversary or observance as an attributed relation to a day of Jumada II; its historical basis and normative significance belong to the linked event or practice model.

1. Which source and community associate the event or observance with this day of Jumada II? provenance
2. Is the claim a historical date, a recurring commemoration or a prescribed practice? definition

Resolve Jumada II action anchor

Before acting on 'next Jumada II', 'the last day of Jumada II' or a named day, resolve the intended occurrence, governing convention and treatment of later boundary revisions.

1. Which reference date, Hijri year and convention determine the intended 'next Jumada II'? boundary
2. May the action use a predicted boundary, or must it await the selected authority's determination? action
3. Should a reminder for the final day move if the supported duration or boundary changes? action

Kinds and varieties

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Jumādā al-Thāniyah (the second Jumada), the prevalent ordinal Arabic name
• Jumādā al-Ākhirah / al-Ākhir (the latter Jumada), the prevalent pair-name used beside Jumādā al-Ūlā
• Tabular/civil Jumada II, the even-numbered month of 29 days in the arithmetic 30-year leap cycle
• Observational Jumada II, begun by local or state crescent sighting and therefore 29 or 30 days
• Umm al-Qura Jumada II, the Saudi calculated civil instance used on official documents
• South Asian documentary form Jamadi-us-Sani (and close Persian/Urdu spellings)
• Malay-Indonesian Jumadilakhir as a localized month name in religious and civil dating

1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Hijri month number - 6 - Ordinal position in the canonical twelve-month sequence; used by CLDR/ICU islamic calendars and most conversion libraries.
• Arabic names - جمادى الآخرة | جمادى الثانية - The two standard Arabic forms; catalogues may store either, or both.
• English/ISO-style romanizations - Jumada II | Jumada al-Thani | Jumada al-Akhirah - Common catalogue and UI labels; al-Thani and al-Akhirah are the same month, not two months.
• Wikipedia - Jumada al-Thani - Stable English article title used as a lookup key; Wikidata Q-id not asserted without a live lookup.

1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Standards and regulation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Umm al-Qura civil Hijri calendar (Saudi Arabia), issued for official dating by the Saudi mapping/calendar authority associated with Umm al-Qura University and KACST, fixes the civil first day of Jumada II independently of local sighting.
• National moon-sighting or hisab rulings (ministries of religious affairs and equivalent councils in e.g. Indonesia, Pakistan, and several Arab states) determine when the month is declared to have begun for ritual and often civil purposes.
• Unicode CLDR Islamic calendar month names and number 6, Unicode Consortium - localization of the month, not a legal definition of its start.
• ISO 8601 does not assign a month code to Jumada II; Hijri dating in standards work is handled as a separate calendar system, not as a Gregorian month alias.

1. Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Day-and-month dating of contracts, court records, waqf deeds, inscriptions, and chronicles in Muslim-majority societies, often paired with a Hijri year (AH).
• Dual Hijri-Gregorian dating on Saudi and other official identity, notarial, and banking documents, where Jumada II is the civil sixth month of the stated AH year.
• Historiography and archival cataloguing: events and documents are indexed to a day in Jumada II of a named year, then converted for Gregorian display.
• Liturgical practice treats it as an ordinary month: no Ramadan fasting, no Hajj, no Eid; mosque timetables and almanacs still list it so prayer and civil dates stay aligned.
• Software date pickers, GCC banking systems, and prayer applications convert to and from month number 6, choosing a sighting, Umm al-Qura, or tabular backend.

1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• ordinal position in the Hijri year - 6 of 12 - month index
• month length - 29 (tabular/civil even month); 29-30 (observational or Umm al-Qura) - day
• days elapsed before the month begins in a tabular year - 148 - day
• drift of a named Jumada II relative to the Gregorian year - about 10-12 days earlier each solar year - day per year

1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Ambiguous abbreviation to "Jumada" in records, causing Jumada I and Jumada II to be conflated in catalogues and conversions.
• Off-by-one first-day disagreements between crescent-sighting jurisdictions and calculated calendars, so the same civil instant is Jumada II in one country and still Jumada I (or already Rajab) in another.
• Tabular leap-cycle bugs in software (wrong 30-year leap map or wrong even/odd month lengths) that shift every later date in the year.
• Romanization scatter (Jumada, Jomada, Cemaziye, Jamadi, Jumadilakhir) that splits one month across index entries.
• Legal and travel mismatch when a document, visa, or ritual obligation is tied to a Hijri date whose Gregorian equivalent was computed on a different calendar convention.

1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Arabic usage splits between Jumādā al-Thāniyah (Mashriq, much modern MSA) and Jumādā al-Ākhirah (also classical and widely current); both denote the sixth month.
• Turkish republican and Ottoman practice: Cemaziyelahir (paired with Cemaziyelevvel for Jumada I).
• Urdu, Persian, and South Asian legal/documentary practice: Jamadi-us-Sani / Jumādā al-sānī.
• Malay and Indonesian religious and civil almanacs: Jumadilakhir (paired with Jumadilawal).
• Month-start practice splits regionally: Saudi civil dates follow Umm al-Qura; many South Asian and some African communities follow local or state crescent sighting, so the named month can differ by a day.

1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

• Jumada I (Jumādā al-Ūlā / Jumādā al-Awwal, fifth month) - Same root and often the same abbreviated label; separate by sequence (Jumada I follows Rabi II; Jumada II follows Jumada I) and by the first/former versus second/latter epithet.
• Rajab (seventh month) - Rajab is the next month and one of the four sacred months (al-ashhur al-ḥurum); Jumada II is not sacred in that canonical set and ends the night Rajab is declared to have begun.
• Rabiʿ II (Rabiʿ al-Thani / al-Akhir, fourth month) - The other "second" month of a named pair; separate by the lexical root (rabīʿ, springtime moisture, versus jumādā, dry or frozen ground) and by position 4 versus 6.
• Gregorian June (sometimes loosely matched in dual-dating talk) - June is a solar month of 30 days in a fixed season; Jumada II is lunar, 29-30 days, and walks through all seasons. Identity of a date requires an explicit AH year and a stated conversion convention, not the shared "sixth month" ordinal.

1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Jumada II this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance