Welsh
Let an agent describe the Welsh language, its history, dialects and registers, relay speaker numbers and legal status with sources, and point to learning and revitalisation resources.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent describe the Welsh language, its history, dialects and registers, relay speaker numbers and legal status with sources, and point to learning and revitalisation resources.
A Celtic language of the Brythonic branch spoken in Wales by about 540000 people according to the 2021 census and by communities in England, the Patagonian colony in Argentina and diaspora countries such as Australia, with North Walian and South Walian dialects, distinct spoken and written registers, and a history from Primitive Welsh of the sixth century through Old, Middle and Modern Welsh; Welsh is an official language of Wales with a government target of a million speakers by 2050.
What it is for: Not applicable; a language.
It can be describe history and dialects; relay speaker numbers and status; explain grammar and writing in outline; point to learning resources.
Distinguishing features
Initial consonant mutations
Verb-subject-object order
Official status in Wales
Revitalisation policy
What it looks like
Not a visible object; written in the Latin alphabet with digraphs such as ll, dd and ch.
Physical character
speakers in Wales: about 538000 people - 2021 census, aged 3 and over
share of Wales population: about 17.8 percent - 2021 census
How it is recognised
Brythonic Celtic language of Wales
North and South Walian dialects, spoken and literary registers
Cornish and Breton are sister languages; Welsh English is a variety of English
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms
is spoken in - the country
is regulated by - under Welsh law
In practice
Families and kinds
Primitive, Old, Middle and Modern Welsh
North Walian and South Walian dialects
literary and colloquial registers
Patagonian Welsh
Welsh in England, Australia and the diaspora
Identifiers
ISO 639-1 cy
ISO 639-3 cym
Standards and regulation
Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011
Welsh Language Standards for public bodies
Cymraeg 2050 strategy
Welsh-medium education policy
Failure modes and hazards
Stale speaker figures
Confusing dialect and register
Politicised presentation of language policy
Machine translation errors with mutations
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Identify What Welsh is.
Identity.
Definition
Language and varieties.
Definition
Definition.
- What is Welsh, and how do dialects and registers differ? definition
- Is the question about the Welsh language or Welsh English? boundary
Speakers
Speakers.
Speakers
Speakers.
- How many people speak Welsh, and where, with census and survey sources? measurement
- Is the figure current and sourced? boundary
Structure Grammar and writing.
Linguistics.
Grammar
Grammar.
Grammar
Grammar.
- What are the main features of Welsh grammar, including mutations and word order? definition
- Which entry fits Celtic linguistics? action
Writing
Orthography.
Writing
Writing.
- How is Welsh written, and how do spoken and written forms differ? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
History History and literature.
Attribution.
History
History.
History
History.
- How did Welsh develop from Primitive Welsh, and how did its status change under English rule? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Literature
Literature.
Literature
Literature.
- What are the landmarks of Welsh literature, from early poetry to the Mabinogion and modern writing? provenance
- Which entry fits Welsh literature? action
Today Policy and learning.
Attribution.
Policy
Status and policy.
Policy
Policy.
- What legal status does Welsh have, and what debates exist about policy, with positions attributed? provenance
- Is the presentation neutral? boundary
Learn
Learning.
Learn
Learn.
- What resources exist for learning Welsh, and how does Welsh-medium education work? provenance
- Which entry fits Welsh-medium education? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should Patagonian Welsh be a separate entry?
- How should census and survey sources be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects, registers and diaspora communities; should they be split off?