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sum

vr.tr.sum · thing-sum

Let an agent state sums of money with currency, date, basis (gross or net) and source, and avoid mixing different kinds of amount.

Thing Registry Society, people and institutions SOC.ECO
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Amount How much, in what.

Value and currency

Number and code.

Amount

The amount and currency.

  1. What is the amount, in which currency? measurement
  2. How precise is it? measurement

Basis

Gross or net.

Basis

Gross, net, before or after tax.

  1. Is the sum gross or net, before or after tax? definition
  2. What was deducted? measurement
Context What the sum is.

Kind

Revenue, payment, gain.

Kind

The kind of sum.

  1. Is this revenue, a payment, a gain or something else? definition
  2. For what period? definition

Source

Where the figure comes from.

Source

The source.

  1. From which document or account does the sum come? provenance
  2. Is it audited? provenance
Comparison Comparing sums.

Conversion

Currency conversion.

Conversion

Rate and date used.

  1. Which exchange rate and date convert it? provenance
  2. Does conversion distort the comparison? boundary

Inflation

Real terms.

Real value

Inflation adjustment.

  1. Should the sum be adjusted for inflation? boundary
  2. Using which index? provenance
Verification Checking sums.

Reconciliation

Matching records.

Reconciliation

Matching to records.

  1. Does the sum reconcile with the underlying records? measurement
  2. What explains differences? definition

Realisation

Paper vs realised.

Realisation

Whether gains are realised.

  1. Is this gain realised or only on paper? boundary
  2. When would it be taxed? boundary

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Society, people and institutions
Entry kind
noun.possession
Plane
SOC
Domain
SOC.ECO
Facets: substance
social
Facets: origin
conceptual
Facets: agency
inert
Facets: mobility
not-applicable
Facets: scale
not-applicable
Facets: affordances
observable
Other names and narrower kinds
gain, financial gain, gross, revenue, receipts, box office, paper profit, winnings, win, profits, cash surrender value, contribution

What it is Filled

A quantity of money, such as a payment, revenue, receipts or gain.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent state sums of money with currency, date, basis (gross or net) and source, and avoid mixing different kinds of amount.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • An amount of money, not the money itself
  • Needs currency and date
  • Gross and net differ
  • Paper profit is unrealised

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • Report a sum without its currency.
  • Mix gross and net figures.
  • Present paper gains as realised.
  • Alter recorded sums in accounts.

Only with a human decision

  • Committing, paying or writing off a sum on someone's behalf.

May

  • Report sums with currency, date and whether gross or net.
  • Adjust sums for inflation when comparing across years and say so.

Moral aspects Filled

  • Misstated sums mislead people about money that matters to their lives.

Who is affected

  • Payers and payees
  • Investors and savers

Owners Filled

Steward

Whoever holds or owes it; accounting records document it.

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • oewn-13350663-n - registry parent class

related

  • money - the medium
  • payment - transfers
  • financial statement - accounts
  • mathematical sum - a result of addition

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.sum
  • Open English WordNet: oewn-13352213-n
  • ISO 4217 currency code: three letters currency of the sum

Direct properties not applicable Not applicable

Not applicable

Plane SOC: no invented physical properties.

Recognition optional Filled

  • Currency symbol or code with a number
  • Labels such as gross, net, revenue, profit
  • Box office and receipts are sums of takings
  • A number with a currency, in a document, account or statement.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • state and record it
  • add, compare and convert it
  • report it, in accounts
  • verify it, against records

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Missing currency
  • Mixing gross and net
  • Comparing nominal sums across years without inflation adjustment
  • Presenting paper gains as realised

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • Accounting standards such as IFRS on revenue recognition
  • Tax law defining taxable amounts

Context of use required Filled

  • Expressing how much money is involved in a transaction, account or report.
  • gross and net sums
  • revenue and receipts
  • gains and profits, realised or on paper
  • box office takings

Sources Filled

  1. Open English WordNet 2024, synset oewn-13352213-n - sense and gloss of the concept
  2. Wiktionary: sum - word senses and usage

Open questions

  • Should revenue, profit and gain be separate entries?
  • How should agents always attach currency and date?
  • How should inflation-adjusted figures be marked?

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-sum/spec.json