Published
magnet
vr.tr.magnet · thing-q11421
Let an agent describe magnets by kind, material, strength and use, and point to safety warnings and standards.
Thing Registry Physical world and living systems PHY.OBJ
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Kind What magnet.
Type
Permanent or electromagnet.
Magnet type
Type.
- Is it a permanent magnet or an electromagnet? boundary
- What is it used for? definition
Material
Material and grade.
Material
Material and grade.
- Which material and grade? provenance
- Is it coated? provenance
Properties Strength and limits.
Magnetic properties
Remanence, coercivity, energy product.
Magnetic data
Values.
- What are its remanence and coercivity? measurement
- From which data sheet? provenance
Temperature
Operating limits.
Temperature limit
Value.
- What is the maximum operating temperature? measurement
- What is the Curie temperature? measurement
Safety Hazards.
Ingestion
Swallowing risk.
Ingestion risk
Warnings.
- Does it carry a swallowing warning? provenance
- Is it allowed in toys? boundary
Implants and devices
Interference.
Interference
Distance and devices.
- What distance from implants is advised, by whom? provenance
- Which devices are affected? provenance
Use Applications.
Applications
Motors, sensors, holding.
Application
Device and role.
- In which device is it used? definition
- What role does it play? definition
End of life
Recycling.
Recycling
Route.
- Can it be recycled? provenance
- How are rare earths recovered? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.OBJ
- Other names and narrower kinds
- two-dimensional magnet, magnetic storage, magnetic storage card, magnetic particle, fishing magnet, magnetic needle, amorphous magnet, horseshoe magnet, split magnet, electromagnet, cow magnet, permanent magnet
What it is Filled
A material or object that produces a magnetic field; permanent magnets keep their magnetisation without external power, while electromagnets produce a field only when current flows.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent describe magnets by kind, material, strength and use, and point to safety warnings and standards.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Permanent magnets use magnetically hard ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials.
- Rare-earth magnets (NdFeB, SmCo) generally have higher maximum energy products than ferrite or alnico; compare grades and geometry, and tell material remanence from the field at a point and holding force.
- Heat above the Curie temperature removes permanent magnetisation.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- downplay the danger of swallowed magnets
- advise on medical implants without clinicians
Only with a human decision
- any suspected magnet ingestion, which needs emergency care
May
- describe magnets and safety warnings
Moral aspects Filled
- child safety
- rare earth supply chains
Who is affected
- children
- workers
Owners Filled
Steward
the owner of the object
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q214609 - registry parent class
- Q223557 - registry parent class
related
- magnetic field - physics
- magnetically hard material - ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic
- electric motor - application
- magnetic storage - use of magnetised media
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.magnet
- Wikidata: Q11421 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421)
- magnet grade: for example N42 or Y30 material grade codes
Direct properties required Filled
- remanence of NdFeB magnets: about 1.0-1.5 T - sintered grades
- remanence of ferrite magnets: about 0.2-0.45 T
Recognition required Filled
- Attracts iron objects
- Coils of wire on a core for electromagnets
- Pieces of metal or ceramic of various shapes; electromagnets are current-carrying windings, with or without a magnetic core.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- identify the kind and material
- explain grades and strength
- explain safety hazards
- explain applications
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Swallowed magnets can cause intestinal perforation, especially in children
- Pinching injuries from strong magnets
- Interference with pacemakers and implants
- Quench of superconducting magnets: heating and sudden release of stored energy
- Demagnetisation by heat
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- IEC 60404-8-1 specifications for magnetically hard materials
- EN 71-1 and ASTM F963 toy safety requirements on magnets
- US 16 CFR Part 1262, safety standard for small high-powered magnets in consumer products
Context of use required Filled
- Motors, generators, sensors, data storage, medical imaging, lifting, holding and many consumer products.
- neodymium (NdFeB) magnets
- samarium-cobalt magnets
- ferrite (ceramic) magnets
- alnico magnets
- flexible magnets
- electromagnets
- electropermanent magnets
- superconducting magnets
- fishing and lifting magnets
Sources Filled
- Q11421 - identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks
- Magnet - general description of the subject
- Coercivity and Remanence in Permanent Magnets - Material comparisons, remanence, coercivity and maximum energy product.
- IEC 60404-8-1:2023 - Permanent-magnet material specifications and material families.
- Safeguarding the superconducting magnets - Superconducting magnet operation and quench hazards.
- New Magnets Safety Rule - 16 CFR Part 1262 and its limited consumer-product scope.
- Magnets in Cell Phones and Smart Watches May Affect Pacemakers and Other Implanted Medical Devices - Magnetic interference with implanted medical devices.
- Electropermanent magnetic connectors and actuators - Electropermanent magnets and retention of a switched magnetic state.
Open questions
- The registry merges magnetic storage and magnetic cards; they need registry corrections.
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q11421/spec.json