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Research draft

frequency

vr.tr.frequency · XCT.QTY

Let an agent handle frequency with its unit, its measurement and its many applications, from radio bands to heart rate, and keep the quantity separate from what is oscillating.

Thing Registry Cross-cutting context

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent handle frequency with its unit, its measurement and its many applications, from radio bands to heart rate, and keep the quantity separate from what is oscillating.

The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time, measured in hertz, where one hertz is one cycle per second.

What it is for: Describing how often something repeats: waves, signals, rotations, heartbeats and events.

It can be measure it, with counters, spectrum analysers or by timing; convert it to period, as the reciprocal; allocate it, for radio spectrum, under regulation; filter or tune to it, in electronics.

Distinguishing features

The reciprocal of period

Distinct from angular frequency, which is 2 pi times frequency

A property of a repeating process, not the process itself

Rates in per-minute units are frequencies too

What it looks like

Not visible directly; shown as a number in hertz, as the spacing of peaks on a trace, or as position on a spectrum display.

Physical character

SI unit: hertz Hz - 1 Hz = 1 per second

audible sound: 20-20000 Hz

mains electricity: 50 or 60 Hz - depends on region

How it is recognised

A value with Hz, kHz, MHz or GHz, or per minute for rates

Peaks on a spectrum plot

Rates such as heart rate and respiratory rate are frequencies in per-minute units

Related models

is a kind of - SI derived quantity

physical quantity

is reciprocal of - f = 1/T

period

is allocated in - spectrum use is regulated

radio spectrum

relates to - for waves, speed equals frequency times wavelength

wavelength

In practice

Families and kinds

temporal frequency of waves and signals

rotational frequency

physiological rates: heart rate, respiratory rate

radio frequency bands

Identifiers

SI unit symbol Hz hertz

ITU band designation VLF to EHF radio bands

Standards and regulation

SI Brochure

ITU Radio Regulations on spectrum allocation

National spectrum regulators

Failure modes and hazards

Confusing frequency and angular frequency by a factor of 2 pi

Using a frequency without a licence where one is required

Misreading per-minute rates as per-second

Also called

fetal heart rateheart raterespiratory rateresting heart rateradio frequencyintermediate frequencyInternational distress frequencyA bandEarth observation satellite transmission frequencymaritime distress frequencyinstruction raterotational speedrotational frequencymutational frequencysound frequencylight frequencybeat frequencyharmonic frequencyparticle vibration frequencyionization frequencyovertoneutility frequencyresonance frequencyaudio frequencycutoff frequencyNyquist frequencystopbandturnover frequencyplasma frequencyWikidata property change frequencysignal bandwidthpassbandCoriolis frequencycyclotron frequencyfrequency scalingsampling ratesonic frequencynon-resonance frequencycollision frequencycritical frequency

+20

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Also registered as vr.tr.frequency

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Quantity and unit What is measured and in what.

The unit and the definition must be explicit to avoid factor errors.

Definition

Cycles per unit time.

Definition used

Ordinary or angular frequency.

  1. Is this ordinary or angular frequency? definition
  2. Of what repeating process? definition

Unit

Hertz and multiples, or per minute.

Unit used

The unit and scale.

  1. In which unit is it given? definition
  2. How does it convert to hertz? measurement
Measurement How frequency is measured.

Accuracy depends on the reference and the method.

Method

Counting, spectrum, timing.

Method used

The instrument and method.

  1. How was the frequency measured? provenance
  2. What reference oscillator or standard was used? provenance

Stability

Drift and jitter.

Stability data

How stable the frequency is.

  1. How stable is the frequency over time? measurement
  2. What causes it to drift? definition
Spectrum Radio frequencies and their use.

Radio frequencies are a regulated, shared resource.

Allocation

Bands and services.

Band allocation

The band and allocated service.

  1. Which band and service does this frequency belong to? definition
  2. Is a licence required to transmit on it? boundary

Interference

Harmful interference.

Interference risk

Risks of interference.

  1. What could this transmission interfere with? boundary
  2. How is interference reported and resolved? action
Applications Where frequency matters.

Frequency appears in medicine, power, audio and communications with different conventions.

Physiological rates

Heart and breathing rates.

Rate context

The rate and its normal range.

  1. What is this rate, and what is the normal range for this person group? measurement
  2. When must a clinician interpret it? action

Power and audio

Mains and sound.

Engineering context

The engineering context.

  1. Which mains frequency applies here? definition
  2. What frequency range does this audio device handle? measurement

What the second pass must settle

  • Should physiological rates be linked to this entry or kept separate?
  • How should spectrum allocations be represented per country?
  • Should angular frequency be its own entry?