samarium
Let an agent identify samarium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its medical and dating roles, and distinguish it from neighbouring lanthanides.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent identify samarium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its medical and dating roles, and distinguish it from neighbouring lanthanides.
A chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62, a moderately hard silvery lanthanide that oxidises in air and occurs in monazite and bastnasite; samarium is used in samarium-cobalt permanent magnets that resist high temperatures, in neutron absorbers for reactors, in catalysts and in the medical isotope samarium-153 for bone pain from cancer, and it has seven natural isotopes, several very weakly radioactive, including samarium-147 used in geological dating.
What it is for: Magnets, reactor control, catalysts and medical isotopes.
It can be relay properties and isotopes; explain production and uses; explain medical and dating roles; distinguish from other lanthanides.
Distinguishing features
Samarium-cobalt magnets
Neutron absorption
Sm-153 in medicine
Sm-Nd dating
What it looks like
A silvery metal that tarnishes to a grey oxide in air.
Physical character
atomic number: 62 Z
standard atomic weight: 150.36 u
melting point: 1072 degrees C
samarium-147 half-life: about 106 billion years
How it is recognised
Element 62, symbol Sm
Lanthanide with magnet and isotope uses
Promethium and europium are the neighbouring lanthanides
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in general terms
is used in - a permanent magnet type
is adjacent to - element 63
In practice
Families and kinds
samarium metal and alloys
samarium compounds such as the oxide and iodide
isotopes from samarium-128 to samarium-165, with seven natural and Sm-153 medical
samarium in magnets, reactors and catalysts
Identifiers
symbol Sm
CAS 7440-19-9
Standards and regulation
Chemical safety data sheets
Radiopharmaceutical regulation for samarium-153
Rare earth trade and export rules
Failure modes and hazards
Flammability of fine metal
Radiation safety for medical isotopes
Supply concentration
Also called
+11
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.samarium
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Identify What samarium is.
Identity.
Properties
Properties.
Properties
Properties.
- What are the physical and chemical properties of samarium? definition
- Is the question about samarium or a neighbouring lanthanide? boundary
Isotopes
Isotopes.
Isotopes
Isotopes.
- Which isotopes exist, and how are samarium-147 and samarium-153 used? definition
- Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Source Occurrence and production.
Supply.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
- Where does samarium occur, and how is it separated from other rare earths? provenance
- Which entry fits rare earth mining? action
Supply
Supply.
Supply
Supply.
- Who produces samarium, and how is it traded, with sources? measurement
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Use Uses.
Application.
Magnets
Magnets and reactors.
Magnets
Magnets.
- How is samarium used in high-temperature magnets and reactor control? provenance
- Which entry fits samarium-cobalt magnet? action
Medical
Medical use.
Medical
Medical.
- How is samarium-153 used to treat bone pain in cancer, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking about their own treatment, which needs a clinician? boundary
Context History and dating.
Context.
Discovery
Discovery.
Discovery
Discovery.
- How was samarium discovered in 1879 and named after the mineral samarskite? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Dating
Samarium-neodymium dating.
Dating
Dating.
- How does samarium-neodymium dating work in geology? provenance
- Which entry fits radiometric dating? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should samarium-cobalt magnet and Sm-153 be separate entries?
- How should reference data be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?