rust
Let an agent recognise rust diseases by host, symptoms and pathogen, explain their life cycles, and route control decisions to plant health advisers.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Disease identity Which rust it is.
Pathogen
Species and race.
Pathogen species
Species, form and race.
- Which rust fungus causes this disease? provenance
- Is a specific race involved? boundary
Host
Crop or plant affected.
Host plant
Host species and variety.
- Which host and variety is affected? definition
- Is there an alternate host nearby? definition
Symptoms What is seen.
Pustules
Colour, shape, position.
Pustule description
Colour and arrangement.
- What colour and arrangement do the pustules have? measurement
- On which plant parts do they appear? definition
Look-alikes
Other diseases with rust-like signs.
Differential
Diseases often confused.
- Could this be another disease, such as an oomycete? boundary
- Which test confirms it? action
Life cycle How the fungus spreads.
Spore stages
Up to five spore types.
Spore stages
Autoecious or heteroecious; macrocyclic, demicyclic or microcyclic; not every rust has all five spore stages.
- Which spore stages occur on this host? definition
- Does it need an alternate host? boundary
Spread
Wind and conditions.
Epidemiology
Weather and spread.
- Which weather favours spread? measurement
- How far can spores travel? measurement
Management Control and monitoring.
Control
Resistant varieties, fungicides, sanitation.
Control options
Approaches in general terms.
- Which resistant varieties exist? provenance
- Who should advise on fungicide use? action
Surveillance
Monitoring and reporting.
Surveillance
Reporting and alerts.
- Is this rust a regulated or notifiable pest here? boundary
- Which agency monitors it? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Activities and processes
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- ACT
- Domain
- ACT.PRC
- Other names and narrower kinds
- rust of beet, late blight of potato, White rust of chrysanthemum, Rust of sunflower, Barley leaf rust
What it is Filled
Any of the plant diseases caused by rust fungi (order Pucciniales, formerly Uredinales), obligate parasites that form reddish-brown, orange or yellow pustules of spores on leaves and stems; wheat rusts and coffee leaf rust are among the most damaging.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent recognise rust diseases by host, symptoms and pathogen, explain their life cycles, and route control decisions to plant health advisers.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Caused by rust fungi of the order Pucciniales.
- Many rusts need two unrelated host plants to complete their life cycle.
- White rust and late blight are caused by oomycetes, not rust fungi, despite their names.
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- give pesticide doses or mixing instructions
- declare a crop free of a regulated disease
- advise moving infected plant material across borders
Only with a human decision
- diagnosis for regulatory or trade purposes
- pesticide application decisions
May
- describe symptoms, pathogens and general management
- point to extension services and plant health authorities
Moral aspects Filled
- food security
- livelihoods of farmers
Who is affected
- farmers
- consumers
Owners Filled
Steward
nobody; a disease, monitored by plant health authorities
Master systems
- EPPO Global Database
- national plant protection organisation records
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q3281225 - registry parent class
related
- rust fungus - order Pucciniales
- plant disease - fungal disease
- late blight - an oomycete disease merged into this entry
- alternate host - for heteroecious rusts, such as barberry for stem rust
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.rust-q4273292
- Wikidata: Q4273292 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4273292)
- EPPO code: per pathogen for example codes of the EPPO Global Database
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
- disease incidence: 0-100 % of plants or leaves - for a stated host population, place, date and method
- disease severity: 0-100 % of tissue area affected - by a stated assessment scale
Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- Raised powdery pustules that rub off as coloured dust
- Pustule colour and arrangement differ by rust species
- Spots on the alternate host for heteroecious rusts
- Powdery pustules of rust-coloured, orange, yellow or black spores on leaves, stems or fruit, often surrounded by yellowing tissue.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- identify a rust disease from host and symptoms with stated uncertainty
- name the pathogen and its life cycle
- describe general management approaches
- point to plant health authorities and reporting
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Severe crop losses and epidemics, such as new races of wheat stem rust
- Spread of spores by wind over long distances
- Fungicide resistance
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- International Plant Protection Convention standards (ISPMs) for regulated pests
- National plant health regulations listing quarantine rusts
Context of use required Filled
- wheat stem rust
- wheat leaf rust
- wheat stripe rust
- coffee leaf rust
- soybean rust
- cedar-apple rust
- sunflower rust
- barley leaf rust
Sources Filled
- Q4273292 - identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks
- Rust (fungus) - general description of the subject
- What Are Rust Fungi? - rust fungi and their life cycles
- Puccinia graminis: host plants - wheat stem rust hosts
- Soybean rust - a major rust disease
- Oomycetes - why white rust and late blight are not rusts
Open questions
- The registry merges late blight of potato and white rust, which are oomycete diseases; they need separate entries.
- Should the major wheat rusts have their own entries?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q4273292/spec.json