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Research draft

orthography

vr.tr.orthography · INF.MED

Let an agent explain orthography and its components, describe the orthographic rules of a language with sources, support spelling and punctuation questions, and describe reforms and debates.

Thing Registry Information and virtual systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain orthography and its components, describe the orthographic rules of a language with sources, support spelling and punctuation questions, and describe reforms and debates.

The set of conventions for writing a language, including spelling, capitalisation, word breaks, diacritics and punctuation, such as comma rules in German, the serial comma in English, Japanese punctuation and the punctuation of scripts such as Bamum; orthographies are standardised by academies, ministries or usage, reformed over time, taught in schools and studied in linguistics, and they differ from the writing system itself.

What it is for: Conventions for writing a language.

It can be explain components; describe rules of a language; support spelling and punctuation; describe reforms.

Distinguishing features

Standardised conventions

Spelling and punctuation

Reformable

Language-specific

What it looks like

Not physical; rules realised in written text.

How it is recognised

Spelling, punctuation, capitalisation rules

Language-specific

A script is the set of symbols; orthography is how they are used

Related models

is a kind of - category

linguistic norm

is a kind of - category

policy

is related to - a language with a reformed orthography

Turkish

is related to - punctuation of coordinated structures

coordination

In practice

Families and kinds

spelling systems

punctuation systems

capitalisation and word division rules

orthographies of specific languages

orthographic reforms

Standards and regulation

Academy and ministry orthographic standards

Style guides

Unicode and typographic standards for punctuation

Failure modes and hazards

Applying one language rules to another

Outdated rules after reforms

Prescriptive overreach

Also called

punctuationJapanese punctuationBamum punctuationhanging punctuationcomma rules in the German languageserial commaEast Asian punctuation÷߷፠‣kaeritenEmphasis markphonemic orthographytone mark placement rules in VietnamesePunjabi orthographyArabic orthographyUkrainian orthography of 1918-1921Balochi orthographytransliteration systemJapanese orthographyKorean orthographyHarmonized Quranic charactersGerman orthographyInternational auxiliary language orthographyBerber (Amazigh) orthographyBiblical Hebrew orthographygrade of kanjieye dialectHindustani orthographydiacritical orthographyScottish Gaelic orthographyromanisation systemcyrillization systemGerman spelling in the 20th century

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Also registered as vr.tr.orthography

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What orthography is.

Linguistics.

Components

Components.

Components

Components.

  1. What do spelling, punctuation, capitalisation, diacritics and word division cover, and how does orthography differ from a writing system? definition
  2. Which entry fits a specific writing system? action

Language

Orthography of a language.

Language

By language.

  1. What are the orthographic rules of this language, according to its official or standard sources? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the language? action
Apply Spelling and punctuation.

Practice.

Spelling

Spelling questions.

Spelling

Spelling.

  1. How is this word spelled in this variety, and which references decide? action
  2. Which variants are accepted? provenance

Punctuation

Punctuation questions.

Punctuation

Punctuation.

  1. How should this sentence be punctuated, including comma rules, the serial comma and language-specific marks such as Japanese punctuation? action
  2. Which style guide applies? provenance
Change Reforms and debates.

Attribution.

Reforms

Orthographic reforms.

Reforms

Reforms.

  1. Which orthographic reforms have occurred in this language, and what were the attributed positions for and against? provenance
  2. Is the presentation neutral? boundary

Minority

Creating orthographies.

Minority

New orthographies.

  1. How are orthographies developed for previously unwritten languages, and who decides? provenance
  2. Which entry fits language planning? action
Learn Teaching and history.

Education.

Teach

Teaching orthography.

Teach

Teaching.

  1. How are spelling and punctuation taught, and what does research say about methods? provenance
  2. Which misconceptions arise? provenance

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How did orthographies and punctuation develop historically? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

What the second pass must settle

  • Should punctuation be a separate entry?
  • How should official rules be linked by language?
  • How should reform debates be attributed?
Draft as JSON