orthography
Let an agent explain orthography and its components, describe the orthographic rules of a language with sources, support spelling and punctuation questions, and describe reforms and debates.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What orthography is.
Components
Components.
Components
Components.
- What do spelling, punctuation, capitalisation, diacritics and word division cover, and how does orthography differ from a writing system? definition
- Which entry fits a specific writing system? action
Language
Orthography of a language.
Language
By language.
- What are the orthographic rules of this language, according to its official or standard sources? provenance
- Which entry fits the language? action
Apply Spelling and punctuation.
Spelling
Spelling questions.
Spelling
Spelling.
- How is this word spelled in this variety, and which references decide? action
- Which variants are accepted? provenance
Punctuation
Punctuation questions.
Punctuation
Punctuation.
- How should this sentence be punctuated, including comma rules, the serial comma and language-specific marks such as Japanese punctuation? action
- Which style guide applies? provenance
Change Reforms and debates.
Reforms
Orthographic reforms.
Reforms
Reforms.
- Which orthographic reforms have occurred in this language, and what were the attributed positions for and against? provenance
- Is the presentation neutral? boundary
Minority
Creating orthographies.
Minority
New orthographies.
- How are orthographies developed for previously unwritten languages, and who decides? provenance
- Which entry fits language planning? action
Learn Teaching and history.
Teach
Teaching orthography.
Teach
Teaching.
- How are spelling and punctuation taught, and what does research say about methods? provenance
- Which misconceptions arise? provenance
History
History.
History
History.
- How did orthographies and punctuation develop historically? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Information and virtual systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- INF
- Domain
- INF.MED
- Other names and narrower kinds
- punctuation, Japanese punctuation, Bamum punctuation, hanging punctuation, comma rules in the German language, serial comma, East Asian punctuation, ÷, ߷, ፠, ‣, kaeriten
What it is Filled
The set of conventions for writing a language, including spelling, capitalisation, word breaks, diacritics and punctuation, such as comma rules in German, the serial comma in English, Japanese punctuation and the punctuation of scripts such as Bamum; orthographies are standardised by academies, ministries or usage, reformed over time, taught in schools and studied in linguistics, and they differ from the writing system itself.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain orthography and its components, describe the orthographic rules of a language with sources, support spelling and punctuation questions, and describe reforms and debates.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Standardised conventions
- Spelling and punctuation
- Reformable
- Language-specific
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Apply one language's spelling or punctuation rules to another.
- Present outdated rules as current after a reform.
- Correct a writer's deliberate dialect, historical or minority spelling without being asked.
- Mock or judge people for spelling errors.
Only with a human decision
- Changing the orthography of a published or official text.
May
- Explain the orthographic rules of a named language, citing the authority or reference used.
- Check spelling, capitalisation and punctuation against the rules the user has chosen.
- Note when a rule has changed in a reform and which version applies.
Moral aspects Filled
- Spelling is used to judge education and class, which can stigmatise people.
- Orthography reforms and script choices can carry political and identity weight.
Who is affected
- Writers and learners
- Speakers of minority varieties
- Readers
Owners Filled
Steward
Nobody owns it; language academies or official bodies set the standard where one exists.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q1156854 - registry parent class
- Q1759988 - registry parent class
- Q8162 - registry parent class
related
- linguistic norm - category
- policy - category
- Turkish - a language with a reformed orthography
- coordination - punctuation of coordinated structures
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.orthography
- Wikidata: Q43091 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43091)
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
Not applicable
Plane INF: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- Spelling, punctuation, capitalisation rules
- Language-specific
- A script is the set of symbols; orthography is how they are used
- Not physical; rules realised in written text.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain components
- describe rules of a language
- support spelling and punctuation
- describe reforms
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Applying one language rules to another
- Outdated rules after reforms
- Prescriptive overreach
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Academy and ministry orthographic standards
- Style guides
- Unicode and typographic standards for punctuation
Context of use required Filled
- Conventions for writing a language.
- spelling systems
- punctuation systems
- capitalisation and word division rules
- orthographies of specific languages
- orthographic reforms
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q43091: orthography - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Orthography - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should punctuation be a separate entry?
- How should official rules be linked by language?
- How should reform debates be attributed?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q43091/spec.json