trade
Let an agent reason about trade as commercial activity with traders, outlets, goods, licences and consumer rules, separate from occupations and from international trade policy.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent reason about trade as commercial activity with traders, outlets, goods, licences and consumer rules, separate from occupations and from international trade policy.
The business of buying and selling goods or services, and the commercial activity and outlets through which it is carried out, from street vending to wholesale and retail shops.
What it is for: Getting goods and services from producers to buyers in exchange for payment.
It can be buy and sell goods and services; license and register a trading business; set prices and terms, within consumer law; inspect traders, for standards and fair dealing.
Distinguishing features
Exchange of goods or services for payment
Carried out by traders through outlets
Subject to licensing, consumer protection and tax rules
Trade as a craft occupation is a different sense
What it looks like
Shops, markets, stalls, filling stations, cash-and-carry warehouses and online stores, with goods on display and prices.
How it is recognised
Goods on display with prices
Shop signs, trading names and licences on display
Payment points
Related models
involves - exchange for money
is carried out by - the commercial actor
is regulated by - rights of buyers
is confused with - trade between countries is a policy domain
In practice
Families and kinds
retail: shops, supermarkets, specialist shops
wholesale and cash and carry
street vending and markets
online commerce
service stations and dealers such as coin dealers
Identifiers
business registration number jurisdiction-specific identifies the trader
VAT number country prefix plus digits tax identity
NACE or NAICS code industry classification classifies the activity
Standards and regulation
Consumer protection law, such as the EU Consumer Rights Directive
Trading licences and street trading rules
Weights and measures law
Tax law on sales
Failure modes and hazards
Unfair or misleading practices
Unsafe or counterfeit goods
Unlicensed trading
Price errors and short measure
Also called
+367
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.trade-act
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Trader and outlet Who trades and where.
Identifying the trader is the basis of consumer rights.
Trader
Business identity.
Trader identity
The legal identity of the trader.
- Who is the trader, and what is their registration? provenance
- Are they licensed for this activity? boundary
Outlet
Shop, stall, online.
Outlet
The outlet type and location.
- What kind of outlet is it, and where? definition
- What are its trading hours? definition
Goods and prices What is sold and for how much.
Goods and prices are the substance of the trade.
Goods and services
What is on offer.
Offer
The goods and services offered.
- What goods or services are sold? definition
- Are any restricted, requiring age checks or licences? boundary
Pricing
Prices and terms.
Pricing
Prices and terms of sale.
- What are the prices and terms, including taxes? measurement
- Are prices displayed as required? boundary
Consumer rights Protection for buyers.
Consumer rights define what buyers can expect.
Rights
Returns, refunds, guarantees.
Rights
Rights of the buyer.
- Which return and refund rights apply? boundary
- How is a complaint made? action
Fair dealing
Misleading practices.
Fairness
Signs of unfair practice.
- Is anything in the offer misleading? boundary
- Which authority handles complaints? provenance
Regulation Licences, tax and inspection.
Rules protect buyers and the public purse.
Licensing
Permits.
Licences
Licences held.
- Which licences does this trade require? provenance
- Are they current? boundary
Inspection
Standards and weights.
Inspection
Inspection results.
- When was the trader last inspected, with what result? provenance
- Are measures and scales certified? measurement
What the second pass must settle
- Should kinds of outlet be separate entries?
- How should trade as activity and trade as occupation be separated?
- Which industry classification should the registry use?