peering
Let an agent explain internet peering and how it differs from transit, describe peering policies, exchange points and agreements, support network operators in general terms, and describe regulatory debates neutrally.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Understand What peering is.
Concept
Peering and transit.
Concept
Concept.
- How does peering differ from transit, and why do networks peer? definition
- What are settlement-free and paid peering? definition
Venues
Where peering happens.
Venues
Venues.
- What are internet exchange points and private interconnects, and how do they work? definition
- Which exchange points serve this region? provenance
Operate Running peering.
Policy
Peering policies.
Policy
Policy.
- What do peering policies typically require, such as traffic ratios, presence and routing hygiene? provenance
- How is a peering request made and evaluated? action
Technical
Technical setup.
Technical
Technical.
- How is a peering session configured with BGP, route servers and filtering, in general terms? action
- How are route leaks and hijacks prevented? provenance
Economics Economics and disputes.
Economics
Peering economics.
Economics
Economics.
- How do networks decide between peering and transit economically? provenance
- How have content networks changed peering? provenance
Disputes
Disputes and regulation.
Disputes
Disputes.
- What are documented peering disputes, and what are the attributed positions on regulating interconnection? provenance
- Is the presentation neutral? boundary
Learn Study.
Data
Peering data.
Data
Data.
- Which databases and measurements describe peering relationships and internet topology? provenance
- How is topology inferred? provenance
History
History.
History
History.
- How did peering develop from early network interconnection to today? provenance
- Which events were formative? provenance
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Cross-cutting context
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- XCT
- Domain
- XCT.REL
What it is Filled
The voluntary interconnection of separate internet networks to exchange traffic between their customers directly, either settlement-free or paid, over private links or at internet exchange points, governed by peering agreements and policies; peering reduces cost and latency, shapes internet topology and is a subject of network economics and regulation.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent explain internet peering and how it differs from transit, describe peering policies, exchange points and agreements, support network operators in general terms, and describe regulatory debates neutrally.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Bilateral or multilateral
- Settlement-free or paid
- Policy-governed
- BGP-based
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Announce routes it is not authorized to originate, or leak routes learned from peers.
- Change peering sessions or policies on a network it does not operate.
- Disclose confidential peering agreement terms.
- Degrade traffic to pressure a peer in ways that harm end users.
Only with a human decision
- Starting, ending or changing paid or settlement-free peering.
- De-peering a network during a dispute.
May
- Report public peering policies and exchange point memberships from published sources.
- Monitor routes and peering sessions on networks it is authorized to operate.
Moral aspects Filled
- Peering disputes make users suffer slow service for business conflicts.
- Route hijacks can expose or block traffic of millions.
Who is affected
- Internet users
- Network operators
- Businesses relying on connectivity
Owners Filled
Steward
The network operators party to each agreement; exchange points run their shared fabrics.
Master systems
- Internet routing registries
- Peering databases
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q2608299 - registry parent class
related
- network connection - category
- last mile - other end of the network
- internet exchange point - venue
- cooperation - voluntary interconnection
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.peering
- Wikidata: Q772532 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q772532)
Direct properties not applicable Not applicable
Not applicable
Plane XCT: no invented physical properties.
Recognition optional Filled
- Direct interconnection between networks
- Exchange of customer traffic only
- Transit provides access to the whole internet for a fee
- Not physical as such; cross-connects, exchange switches and BGP sessions.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- explain peering versus transit
- describe exchange points and agreements
- support peering strategy in general terms
- describe regulatory debates neutrally
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Peering disputes causing congestion
- Route leaks and hijacks
- Market power in interconnection
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- BGP and routing standards
- Peering policies and agreements
- Telecommunications interconnection regulation
Context of use required Filled
- Direct traffic exchange between networks.
- settlement-free peering
- paid peering
- public peering at exchange points
- private peering
- content and eyeball network peering
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q772532: peering - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Peering - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should internet exchange points be a separate entry?
- How should peering databases be linked?
- How should regulatory positions be attributed?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q772532/spec.json