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withanolides

vr.tr.withanolides · thing-q907017

Let an agent describe withanolides chemically and their sources, summarise research status with sources, and avoid unsupported health claims.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems PHY.MAT
Bundle → Layer → Finding → QuestionsClassifiersWhat it isWhy it existsDistinguishing featuresWhat robots and AI may and may not doMoral aspectsOwnersLinks to other meta-modelsIdentity and identifiersDirect propertiesRecognitionCapabilities and actionsHazards and failure modesStandards and interfacesContext of useSources

Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled

4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions

Compound Which withanolide.

Identity

Name and identifiers.

Compound

Name and IDs.

  1. Which withanolide is it? provenance
  2. What are its identifiers? provenance

Structure

Skeleton and groups.

Structure

Features.

  1. What structural features does it have? provenance
  2. Is it a glycoside? boundary
Sources Where they occur.

Plants

Species and parts.

Plant source

Species and part.

  1. Which plant and part contain it? provenance
  2. In what amounts? measurement

Products

Supplements.

Product content

Declared content.

  1. How much does the product declare? provenance
  2. Was it verified by analysis? provenance
Evidence Biological activity.

Laboratory

In vitro and animal studies.

Preclinical finding

Study and result.

  1. What do laboratory studies show? provenance
  2. Do they apply to humans? boundary

Clinical

Human studies.

Clinical finding

Trial and result.

  1. What do human trials show? provenance
  2. How strong is the evidence? boundary
Safety and regulation Risks and rules.

Safety

Adverse effects.

Adverse effect

Report and source.

  1. Which adverse effects are reported? provenance
  2. By which agency? provenance

Regulation

Rules.

Regulation

Status.

  1. How are products regulated here? provenance
  2. Are there restrictions? provenance

Classifiers Filled

Family
Thing Registry
Category
Physical world and living systems
Entry kind
thing
Plane
PHY
Domain
PHY.MAT
Other names and narrower kinds
5,6b-Epoxy-4b,16b,20R-trihydroxy-1-oxo-5b,22R,24R,25R-with-2-enolide, 1-[1-(3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-yl)-1,2-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-3a,7-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1H,2H,3H,5aH,6H,7H,8H,9H,9bH,10H,11H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-5-one, 17-[1-(3,4-dimethyloxolan-2-yl)-1,2-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-one, Withanolide G, [(1S,2R,7S,9S,11S,12S,15S,16S)-15-[(1R)-1-[(2R)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-6-hydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-3-oxo-8-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,7.07,9.012,16]octadec-4-en-10-yl] acetate, Withanolide 2, 2-[1-[1-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one, withaphysalin F, 2,3-Dihydrowithanolide E, jaborosalactone L, 2-[1-Hydroxy-1-(4,5,17-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-4,6,7,9,11,12,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-1-[(5S,6S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S)-5,6,14,17-tetrahydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-octahydro-4H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one

What it is Filled

A group of naturally occurring C28 steroidal lactones built on an ergostane skeleton, found mainly in plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), especially Withania somnifera (ashwagandha); withaferin A is a well-studied example.

Why it exists Filled

Let an agent describe withanolides chemically and their sources, summarise research status with sources, and avoid unsupported health claims.

Distinguishing features Filled

  • Built on a C28 ergostane framework with a delta- or gamma-lactone or lactol side chain; glycosides and modified skeletons add or rearrange carbons.
  • Concentration varies with plant part, variety and processing; totals depend on which analytes and methods are used.
  • Human findings about ashwagandha preparations cannot be attributed to individual withanolides without compound-specific evidence.

What robots and AI may and may not do Filled

Must not

  • recommend supplements or doses
  • make health claims beyond evidence

Only with a human decision

  • use of supplements with medical conditions or medicines, which needs a clinician

May

  • describe chemistry and summarise evidence with sources

Moral aspects Filled

  • consumer safety
  • honest communication of evidence

Who is affected

  • consumers

Owners Filled

Steward

nobody; a class of natural compounds

Master systems

  • PubChem
  • ChEBI

Links to other meta-models Filled

parent

  • Q108654505 - registry parent class

related

  • steroid lactone - chemistry
  • Withania somnifera - plant source
  • Solanaceae - plant family
  • marker compound - supplement standardisation

What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled

Identity and identifiers required Filled

  • Vercy registry: vr.tr.withanolides
  • Wikidata: Q907017 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907017)
  • ChEBI: CHEBI:74716 withanolide class
  • PubChem CID: per compound

Direct properties not applicable Not applicable

Not applicable

A compound class: properties belong to each compound.

Recognition required Filled

  • Not visible in plants; identified by chromatography and spectroscopy
  • Pure compounds are usually white to off-white solids.

Capabilities and actions required Filled

  • describe structure and sources
  • give identifiers of specific withanolides
  • summarise research evidence with its limits
  • explain regulation of supplements

Hazards and failure modes required Filled

  • Liver injury and interactions reported with ashwagandha preparations (not shown for every isolated withanolide)
  • Unsupported health claims

Standards and interfaces required Filled

  • Food supplement rules, such as EU and national regulation of botanicals
  • Pharmacopoeia monographs, such as USP Ashwagandha Root (not a standard for isolated withanolides)

Context of use required Filled

  • Natural products studied for biological activity; marker compounds in ashwagandha products.
  • withaferins (such as withaferin A)
  • withanolide A and related compounds
  • withanosides (glycosides)
  • physalins (related Physalis steroids)

Sources Filled

  1. Q907017 - identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks
  2. Withanolide - general description of the subject
  3. ChEBI: withanolide - Class identifier, C28 steroid framework and substituted derivatives.
  4. Antiproliferative withanolides from several Solanaceous species - Structural diversity, plant sources, compound identification and preclinical biological research.
  5. Physalins V-IX, 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco withanolides from Physalis angulata and their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities - Modified withanolide skeletons, physalin classification and lactone types.
  6. Ashwagandha Root - Botanical monograph and separate calculation of withanolide aglycones and glycosides.
  7. Ashwagandha: Usefulness and Safety - Limits of human evidence, variation among preparations, reported liver injury and medication interactions.

Open questions

  • The registry merges individual compounds named by systematic names; they should be separate entries.

Machine files

Card as JSON Specification Card backlog vercy.card/1

Provenance

thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed

Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q907017/spec.json