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Research draft

probability

vr.tr.probability · XCT.QLT

Let an agent handle probability by definition, interpretation, calculation and communication of risk, avoiding common fallacies.

Thing Registry Cross-cutting context

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent handle probability by definition, interpretation, calculation and communication of risk, avoiding common fallacies.

A numerical measure between 0 and 1 of how likely an event is, formalised by Kolmogorov axioms and interpreted in frequentist, Bayesian and other ways; related notions include joint, conditional and error probabilities.

What it is for: Reasoning under uncertainty in science, engineering, medicine, finance and daily life.

It can be compute probabilities of events; apply conditional probability and Bayes theorem; communicate risk clearly; spot common fallacies.

Distinguishing features

Measure of likelihood

Axiomatic foundation

Several interpretations

Easily misunderstood

What it looks like

Not physical; numbers, fractions and percentages.

How it is recognised

Values from 0 to 1 or 0 to 100 percent

Notation P(A)

Odds are a related but different expression

Related models

is a kind of - category

mathematical object and dimensionless quantity

is studied by - fields

probability theory and statistics

is related to - expressions

odds and risk

is used in - application

decision making

In practice

Families and kinds

classical probability

frequentist probability

Bayesian probability

conditional and joint probability

geometric probability

Standards and regulation

ISO 3534 statistics vocabulary

Failure modes and hazards

Base rate neglect

Gambler fallacy

Confusing relative and absolute risk

Also called

availabilityloss probabilityerror probabilityjoint probabilitytopic probabilitygeometric probabilityprobability of acceptancenegative probabilityconfidence leveltail probabilityProbability of precipitationsticking probabilitypost-test probability of diseaseMarginal probabilityp-valueA priori probabilityconditional probabilitypoker probabilityprobability-generating functionsignificance levelquantum probabilitystatistical significanceprobability of defaultInclusion probabilityecological resource availabilityeconomic resource availabilityOperational availability

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Also registered as vr.tr.probability-attribute

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Calculation Computing.

Rules compute probability.

Event

Probability of event.

Event

Event probability.

  1. What is the probability of this event? measurement
  2. Which assumptions are used? boundary

Conditional

Bayes.

Conditional

Conditional probability.

  1. What is the probability given this evidence? measurement
  2. Is the base rate included? boundary
Interpretation Meaning.

Interpretations differ.

Meaning

Frequentist or Bayesian.

Meaning

Interpretation.

  1. Is the probability a long-run frequency or a degree of belief? definition
  2. Does it matter here? boundary

Model

Assumptions.

Model

Model assumptions.

  1. Which model generates the probability? provenance
  2. How sensitive is it to assumptions? boundary
Communication Risk.

Clear communication matters.

Format

Natural frequencies.

Format

Risk format.

  1. Would natural frequencies such as 1 in 100 be clearer? action
  2. Is absolute risk given alongside relative risk? boundary

Fallacies

Errors.

Fallacies

Fallacies.

  1. Is a common fallacy such as the gambler fallacy involved? boundary
  2. How can it be corrected? action
Applications Uses.

Probability informs decisions.

Medical

Tests.

Medical

Medical tests.

  1. What is the probability of disease given a positive test, in general terms? measurement
  2. Should results be discussed with a clinician? action

Gambling

Odds.

Gambling

Gambling odds.

  1. What are the true odds compared with offered odds? measurement
  2. Where can someone get help with problem gambling? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should interpretations be separate entries?
  • How should risk communication guidance be linked?
  • How should odds be related?